Which of the following will affect the ventilation component of the ventilation/perfusion ratio?

Question

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Infection and pus in the distal airways and alveoli will affect the ventilation component by decreasing the amount of air that can reach the alveoli, lowering the ventilation rate. This will lead to a decreased ventilation/perfusion ratio. Blood clot in the pulmonary blood vessels, loss of blood plasma from dehydration, and decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood will affect the perfusion component.

Which of the Following Will Affect the Ventilation Component of the Ventilation/perfusion