Question 1

Which of the following is one of the main criticisms of projective tests?

Accepted Answer

One of the main criticisms of projective tests is that there is inadequate evidence for their reliability. Projective measures are often criticized for lacking scientific rigor and objectivity, and for being subjective and open to interpretation by the examiner. While some proponents argue that projective tests offer unique insights into the unconscious mind, critics argue that their validity and reliability have not been adequately demonstrated through research.

Question 2

Daryl is taking a personality test in which he is shown a series of simple scenes.He is supposed to tell a story about what is happening in each scene and suggest what the characters are feeling.The test that Daryl is taking is the

Accepted Answer

The TAT is a projective personality test in which the participant is shown a series of ambiguous pictures and asked to create a story about what is happening in each scene. The purpose of the test is to reveal aspects of the individual's personality, such as their needs, motivations, and conflicts, through the stories they create. Therefore, the description matches the characteristics of the TAT. The other options are not projective personality tests but measures of intelligence and personality traits.

Question 3

Martin sees himself primarily as part of a group and he puts the group's needs ahead of his own goals.It is most likely that Martin is from a(n)

Accepted Answer

Martin's prioritization of the group's needs over his own suggests that he comes from a collectivistic culture, which values community harmony and interdependence over individual achievement and autonomy. In individualistic cultures (option A), individuals prioritize their own goals and achievements over those of the group. Independent cultures (option B) emphasize individual autonomy and self-reliance, but individuals may prioritize their own needs over the group's needs. Subjective cultures (option D) are less clearly defined, but generally refer to cultures that prioritize subjective perspectives and experiences.

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, and the NEO Personality Inventory are all self-report personality tests, while the Thematic Apperception Test is a projective test that utilizes ambiguous images to reveal unconscious tendencies and motives.

Question 5

A systematic tendency to respond to questions on a personality inventory in a way that is unrelated to the content of the questions is called a

Accepted Answer

A response set is a pattern of individual responses to questions in a way that is not related to the content of the questions, often reflecting a tendency to respond in a certain manner regardless of the actual question.

Question 6

The idea that ambiguous materials can serve as a blank screen onto which people impose their characteristic concerns,conflicts and desires is termed the

Accepted Answer

The idea that ambiguous materials like inkblots or pictures can serve as a blank screen onto which people project their characteristic concerns, conflicts, and desires is termed the projective hypothesis. This is the basis for projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test, where individuals are asked to describe what they see in the inkblot, and their responses are believed to reveal underlying personality characteristics. The other answer choices do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 7

Sigmund Freud's theory of personality was influenced to a degree by his reaction to the hostilities of World War I,a fact that illustrates which of the following unifying themes of your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The fact that Freud's theory of personality was influenced by the hostilities of World War I highlights the theme that psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. This demonstrates that external events and societal changes can impact the development of psychological theories and perspectives.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the main uses of personality scales?

Accepted Answer

While personality scales can be used in a variety of settings, including personnel selection, clinical diagnosis, and psychological research, they are not typically used in college admissions processes.

Question 9

According to the Featured Study,there is often a discrepancy between

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the Featured Study,there is often...

Question 10

The idea that a person's unconscious needs will determine how he or she perceives relatively unstructured stimuli is the basis for

Accepted Answer

The TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) is a projective test that assesses a person's unconscious needs and motives by presenting them with ambiguous and unstructured stimuli in the form of pictures. The individual is asked to create a story about each picture, which reflects their own psychological state and inner experiences. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not assess a person's unconscious needs or motives.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a weakness associated with self-report inventories?

Accepted Answer

Self-report inventories typically have consistent scoring systems, as they are standardized tests designed to measure specific traits or behaviors. The other options are common weaknesses associated with self-report inventories.

Question 12

The fact that there are literally dozens of insightful theories of personality illustrates which of the following unifying themes of your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The fact that there are many theories of personality shows that psychology is theoretically diverse, meaning that there are multiple perspectives and ideas within the field.

Question 13

Bess uses a software package on her computer to create a number of abstract images.She finds that each person who looks at the images sees something different in them.If Bess records the responses that each person provides she may find the answers are similar to those that would be obtained using the

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach test is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, much as Bess records the responses to her abstract images. Both methods aim to gain insight into the individual's personality or psyche. The other options are not as relevant to Bess's use of the software package.

Question 14

A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus such as a picture or an inkblot is called a

Accepted Answer

This is because projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), rely on the individual's interpretation of an ambiguous stimulus to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings. Self-report personality inventories, on the other hand, ask direct questions about the individual's traits and behaviors. Behavior ratings are assessments completed by others to evaluate an individual's behavior, and deceptive tests aim to deceive the individual to reveal their true thoughts and feelings.

Question 15

Colton is completing a long personality inventory,and he doesn't really want to take the time to read each of the questions in detail.Instead,he simply disagrees with all the statements.Colton's method of completing the personality inventory shows

Accepted Answer

Colton's method of disagreeing with all the statements without fully reading them shows a negative response set, where he is consistently choosing the response option that seems unfavorable or negative. It is not a social desirability bias because he is not trying to portray himself in a positive light, and it is not deliberate deception because he is not intentionally giving false responses. Similarly, it is not a self-monitoring bias because he is not altering his responses based on social situations or cues from others.

Question 16

If you needed a personality inventory capable of measuring a person's degree of psychopathology,you would probably use

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a widely-used personality inventory designed to assess psychopathology and personality traits in adults. Its items are based on psychiatric symptomatology and aim to identify specific personality characteristics and clinical disorders. The other options (A, B, D) are not designed specifically to measure psychopathology.

Question 17

Beatrix is planning a research study for her doctoral dissertation.As part of the study she wants to measure normal aspects of personality in each of the participants,using a measure that is objective and precise.The BEST measure for Beatrix to use would be the

Accepted Answer

The NEO Personality Inventory is a well-established, widely used measure of normal personality that assesses five broad dimensions of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). It is considered objective and precise, making it a good choice for research studies. The MMPI is also widely used and objective, but it is primarily designed to assess psychopathology rather than normal personality. The Rorschach and TAT are projective measures that are considered less objective and reliable, and are not typically used to assess normal personality in research studies.

Question 18

The personality inventory developed by Raymond Cattell that describes an individual in terms of a limited number of personality source traits is the

Accepted Answer

The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is the personality inventory developed by Raymond Cattell that describes an individual in terms of a limited number of personality source traits, specifically 16 factors. The other choices, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and California Psychological Inventory (CPI) are other widely used personality tests, but they do not use Cattell's 16 source traits.

Question 19

Which of the following is considered a major strength of projective tests?

Accepted Answer

Projective tests are known for their ability to gather information that is less consciously controlled or manipulated by the individual being tested. This makes it difficult for the individual to deliberately deceive or manipulate their responses.

Question 20

One of the problems with self-report personality inventories is that respondents may answer questions in ways that make them look good.This tendency is called a

Accepted Answer

Social desirability bias is the tendency for people to answer questions in a way that presents themselves in a favorable light. They may do this to avoid appearing socially undesirable or to gain approval from others. This can lead to biases in the results of self-report personality inventories, as respondents may not answer questions entirely honestly or accurately.

Quiz 12: Personality