Question 1

In this table,Column B indicates the ________ of each response.

Accepted Answer

Column B indicates the relative frequency, which is the fraction or proportion of the total number of responses that fall into a particular category or range.

Question 2

________ data analysis is the process by which substantive findings are drawn from numerical data.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data analysis involves analyzing numerical data to draw substantive findings. Bivariate analysis involves examining the relationship between two variables, univariate analysis focuses on examining one variable at a time, and qualitative analysis involves analyzing non-numerical data.

Question 3

Luna surveyed 5,000 public defenders in five U.S.cities and asked them to report their monthly incomes.If Luna has accurately determined that the median is the most appropriate measure of central tendency for this sample,this tells us that the income scores had a

Accepted Answer

The median is the most appropriate measure of central tendency when dealing with skewed distributions. This suggests that the income scores were not evenly distributed, but rather skewed towards one end of the range, which could indicate that there are a few extremely high or low incomes that are affecting the overall average of the sample.

Question 4

Jerome has surveyed his friends to see the number of meals they've eaten at McDonald's in the past month.He received the following responses: 2,3,1,2,4,2,and 12.Twelve is an example of a/an

Accepted Answer

An outlier is a data point that is significantly higher or lower than the other data points in a dataset. In this case, the numbers collected from Jerome's friends are relatively low, with the highest being 12. Therefore, 12 is an outlier, as it is much higher than the other numbers collected.

Question 5

Dr.Liu wants to learn how well the students in his research methods class performed on their final exam.He ranked the 25 exam scores in order from lowest to highest,and then he examined the middle score.What measure of central tendency did Dr.Liu calculate?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Liu calculated the median, which is the middle score when the data is ordered from lowest to highest. The mode is the most common score, the mean is the average of all the scores, and the standard deviation measures the spread or variability of the scores.

Question 6

Dr.Anderson has collected information on whether respondents voted in the 2016 presidential election.There are two answer choices (yes or no).Can she report a mean for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Since the variable is categorical with two answer choices, the mean is not appropriate. However, Dr. Anderson can report the proportion of respondents who voted and the proportion who did not vote, which are informative measures for this type of variable.

Question 7

If a distribution of scores is skewed to the right,this indicates that the outliers

Accepted Answer

A skew to the right indicates that there are more low scores and fewer high scores. Outliers, by definition, are extreme values that fall outside of the norm. In a skewed right distribution, the outliers will be on the high end of the scale, which means they have especially high scores.

Question 8

In this table,Column A indicates the ________ of each response.

Accepted Answer

Column A indicates the frequency of each response, which represents the number of times a specific response occurs in the dataset.

Question 9

Monique has collected data on how frequently students skip class at her university.She asked respondents to report the exact number of classes skipped in the past semester.She wants to create a graph to display the distribution of responses.What type of graph should she create?

Accepted Answer

A histogram is the most appropriate type of graph for displaying the distribution of a continuous variable, such as the number of classes that students skip. A histogram breaks the range of values into bins, or intervals, and displays the frequency of observations falling within each bin with bars that are usually touching. This allows Monique to see the shape of the distribution, the frequency of responses at specific values, and whether there are any outliers or unusual patterns. A pie chart would not be appropriate for this type of data because it is not categorical, and a line graph would not be appropriate because the variable is not continuous across time. A bar graph could be used to display the frequencies of different categories, but it would not show the distribution of responses in the same way as a histogram.

Question 10

Willow has collected information from 12 members of a sorority on campus to see at what age they desire to marry.Here are the responses she collected:
 What is the range of the responses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Willow has collected information from 12 members...

Question 11

You are curious about color preference among kindergarteners and have surveyed a class to see which color (pink,purple,blue,green,red,or yellow)is the favorite.Which measure of central tendency should you calculate for this variable?

Accepted Answer

The mode is the best choice for this scenario because it will reflect the most commonly preferred color among the kindergarteners. Since the response options are limited to six colors, it is unlikely that there will be a significant difference in the number of votes for each color, making the mean and median less relevant measures of central tendency. Standard deviation is not applicable for this scenario since it is a measure of dispersion rather than central tendency.

Question 12

Julia has collected data on how students at her university feel about the legalization of marijuana.Answers ranged from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." She wants to create a graph to display the distribution of responses.What type of graph should she create?

Accepted Answer

A bar graph is suitable for displaying the distribution of categorical data, such as survey responses ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree."

Question 13

This table depicts a

Accepted Answer

The table depicts a frequency distribution, which displays the number of occurrences or frequency of each outcome or category in a dataset. It lists the categories or values and their corresponding frequencies.

Question 14

How does univariate analysis differ from bivariate analysis?

Accepted Answer

Univariate analysis examines one variable at a time, while bivariate analysis examines the relationship between two variables. Univariate analysis focuses on describing and summarizing one variable at a time, while bivariate analysis looks at how two variables are related to each other.

Question 15

Dr.Liu wants to learn how well the students in his research methods class performed on their final exam.He added together all 25 exam scores and then divided by 25.What measure of central tendency did Dr.Liu calculate?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Liu calculated the mean, which is the sum of all scores divided by the number of scores.

Question 16

This graph displays a ________ distribution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This graph displays a ________ distribution.

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Question 17

Bita has asked a sample of 50 college sophomores how many close friends they have.Most of the scores range from 1 to 4,with two students reporting 0 close friends and 8 students reporting between 5 and 8 close friends.However,there is one student who reports having 27 close friends.When Bita presents her univariate results on the central tendency of this distribution,she should report the

Accepted Answer

The median is the best measure of central tendency for this distribution because it is not affected by the outlier (the student with 27 close friends), unlike the mean.

Question 18

A ________ is the most fundamental concept in univariate analysis.

Accepted Answer

A distribution is the most fundamental concept in univariate analysis as it describes how data points are spread or distributed across different values.

Question 19

The ________ is more sensitive to outliers than the ________ is.

Accepted Answer

The mean is more sensitive to outliers than the median because the mean takes into account every value in the dataset, including the outliers, which can significantly affect its value. The median, being the middle value of a sorted list of numbers, is less affected by outliers.

Question 20

If a research team has asked a sample of politicians to report the U.S.region in which they were born,the team should report the mode to indicate central tendency because region is a(n)________ variable.

Accepted Answer

Region is a nominal variable because it is a category with no inherent order.

Quiz 14: Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Quantitative Data