The major categories for transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs)and blood components include all of the following except transfusion:

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There are many indications for the transfusion of RBCs and blood components.In general,these can be divided into four major categories,and the component to be transfused will depend on which category applies:
 1.Transfusion may be used to restore or maintain oxygen-carrying capacity or hemoglobin.This is best done by the transfusion of RBCs with plasma removed.The transfusion of whole blood is both unnecessary and contraindicated,because the inclusion of plasma will increase blood volume with possible circulatory overload.
 2.Transfusion can be used to restore or maintain blood volume.This is necessary in cases of acute blood loss,as seen with massive bleeding,to prevent shock.Although whole blood may sometimes be indicated,as in actively bleeding patients who have lost more than 25% to 30% of their blood volume,it is usually preferable to use RBCs and a volume expander (e.g.,crystalloid [electrolyte] solutions such as 0.9% sodium chloride [isotonic saline])or plasma substitutes.Additional need for hemoglobin can be replaced later with packed RBCs,although in most patients,about 20% of blood volume can be replaced with crystalloid solutions alone.
 3.Transfusion can replace coagulation factors to maintain hemostasis.This is done with a variety of blood components,which vary with the particular situation.Components include platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma.
 4.Transfusion may be indicated to restore or maintain leukocyte function.Although rare,this may be necessary for severely granulocytopenic patients with infections that do not respond to antibiotics.

The Major Categories for Transfusion of Red Blood Cells (RBCs)and