____________ are written job descriptions and guidelines for good performance, promotions, and grievances that are essential to bureaucracies.

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Formal rules are written job descriptions and guidelines for good performance, promotions, and grievances that are essential to bureaucracies. Informal norms are unwritten rules that emerge from social interactions within an organization, appropriations refer to funding allocated by a government or organization, and hierarchical divisions refer to the ranking of positions within an organization based on authority and power.

____________ Are Written Job Descriptions and Guidelines for Good Performance