Infant Ricardo has come to expect that his mother is not available when he needs her. What do Ricardo's expectations indicate that he has developed?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Ricardo's expectations indicate that he has developed an internal working model, which is a mental framework that guides his expectations and interactions with his caregiver. Specifically, Ricardo has likely developed an internal working model of an unresponsive or unavailable caregiver, which may impact his future relationships and attachment styles. Option A, temperament, refers to a person's innate and biologically-based personality traits, and is not directly related to Ricardo's expectations. Option B, parallel play, refers to children playing alongside each other without directly interacting or engaging, and does not relate to Ricardo's expectations or development. Option D, autonomy, refers to a child's ability to act independently and make choices for themselves, and is also not directly related to Ricardo's expectations or development.

Infant Ricardo Has Come to Expect That His Mother Is