Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in inducing hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is not about putting people to sleep, but rather inducing a trance-like state of heightened focus and receptivity to suggestion.

Question 2

Hypnosis has been successfully used to:

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis has been effectively used in pain management, helping to reduce the perception of pain in various medical and therapeutic settings.

Question 3

Larger and larger doses of amphetamines can lead to a severe mental disturbance and paranoia called:

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine psychosis is a severe mental disturbance that can occur with larger doses of amphetamines. Symptoms include paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions. Amphetamine neurosis and amphetaminism are not recognized medical terms, and amphetamine toxicity refers more generally to the harmful effects of high doses of amphetamines on the body.

Question 4

What are two signs of physical dependency?

Accepted Answer

Physical dependency is characterized by drug tolerance, which means that the individual requires increasing amounts of the drug to achieve the same effects. Withdrawal is another sign of physical dependency, which refers to the symptoms that occur when a person stops using a drug to which they have become physically dependent. Withdrawal symptoms can include physical symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, tremors, and sweating, as well as psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Psychological cravings, while a sign of addiction, are not exclusive to physical dependency.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the three signs of cocaine abuse?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal is not one of the typical signs of cocaine abuse. The other three options (compulsive use, loss of control, and disregard for consequences) are common signs of cocaine abuse.

Question 6

According to Hobson and McCarley,the ___________ area of the brain sends signals to the ___________,creating what we interpret as dreams.

Accepted Answer

According to Hobson and McCarley, the pons area of the brain sends signals to the cortex, creating what we interpret as dreams.

Question 7

Acting out your nightmares is a rare condition called:

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder is a rare condition where people physically act out their dreams. It occurs during the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep and can be dangerous for the person and others around them. Sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and night terrors do not involve physical movements during sleep.

Question 8

The tendency to act as though your behaviour is out of your control and involuntary is called the:

Accepted Answer

The tendency to act as though your behaviour is out of your control and involuntary is called the basic suggestion effect. It refers to the power of suggestion to influence people's behavior regardless of their conscious intentions. Hypnosis effect and basic involuntary effect are not recognized psychological terms.

Question 9

Several of Marnie's friends suspect that she is using some sort of drug.She is very thin,stays awake for long periods of time,and is often jittery,nervous,and somewhat paranoid.If Marnie is using a drug,it is likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Marnie's symptoms of being thin, staying awake for long periods of time, and being jittery, nervous, and paranoid suggest she is using a stimulant drug. Amphetamines are a type of stimulant drug that can produce these effects. Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressant drugs, and benzodiazepines are typically used to treat anxiety and are not associated with staying awake for long periods of time.

Question 10

Which dream theory states that dreams are simply the brain's way of explaining random neural activity while sleeping?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that dreams are the brain's way of making sense of random neural activity during sleep. This theory suggests that dreams are not meaningful or purposeful, but rather are simply the brain's attempt to create a narrative out of the chaotic firing of neurons.

Question 11

In the ___________ theory of hypnosis,the person has a part of the mind that is not hypnotized and that is fully aware of the proceedings.

Accepted Answer

In the dissociative theory of hypnosis, it is believed that the hypnotized person enters into a trance state where they dissociate or separate from some aspects of their conscious experience. This theory suggests that there is a part of the mind that remains aware during the hypnotic state, which is called the hidden observer. This hidden observer is not directly influenced by the hypnotist's suggestions and therefore has the ability to monitor and report the experiences of the hypnotic state.

Question 12

Shelia once had a dream in which she was trying to reach something important but couldn't.The harder she tried,the less she could move-it was like moving in molasses.This is most likely explained by:

Accepted Answer

This is most likely a case of REM paralysis, which is a common occurrence during dreaming. During REM sleep, the brain inactivates the muscles so that people don't act out their dreams. Occasionally, this paralysis carries over into the dream and can create the experience of being unable to move.

Question 13

Caffeine replaced __________ in patent medicines and over-the-counter preparations in the early 1900s.

Accepted Answer

Cocaine was commonly used in patent medicines and over-the-counter preparations as a stimulant and pain reliever. However, as the negative effects of cocaine use became more well-known, caffeine became a more popular alternative in the early 1900s.

Question 14

The ___________ lobes "shut down" during dreaming,explaining the often bizarre nature of dreams.

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes, which are responsible for logical thinking and decision-making, show a decrease in activity during dreaming. This can explain why dreams often contain bizarre and unrealistic elements.

Question 15

Which of the following is bad advice for someone suffering from insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Lying in bed for several hours without falling asleep can worsen insomnia by conditioning the mind to associate the bed with wakefulness and anxiety. It is recommended to get out of bed after 20-30 minutes of trying to fall asleep, and engage in a relaxing activity until feeling sleepy.

Question 16

The "date rape" drug,Rohypnol,is one of the:

Accepted Answer

Rohypnol belongs to the class of drugs known as minor tranquilizers or benzodiazepines. It is used medically as a sedative and hypnotic but is commonly known as a "date rape" drug due to its ability to impair a person's ability to resist sexual assault or consent to sexual activity.

Question 17

Nightmares occur in ___________ sleep,whereas night terrors occur in ___________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Nightmares typically occur during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is when most dreaming happens. Night terrors, on the other hand, occur during NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, particularly in the deeper stages.

Question 18

In Freud's theory,the symbolic content of dreams is called:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of dreaming, the symbolic content of dreams is called latent content. This refers to the hidden meanings and unconscious desires expressed through dream symbols and imagery. Manifest content, on the other hand, refers to the surface-level events and experiences that we remember upon waking from a dream. Symbolic content and hidden content are not commonly used terms in Freud's theory of dreaming.

Question 19

In which disorder does breathing stop for nearly half a minute or more?

Accepted Answer

Breathing stops for nearly half a minute or more in sleep apnea. In night terrors, the person experiences a sudden and intense feeling of fear during sleep, while in sleepwalking, the person gets up and moves around during sleep. In narcolepsy, the person experiences excessive daytime sleepiness and may suddenly fall asleep at any time, but there is no cessation of breathing.

Question 20

About one-third of hypnotized Canadian students could recall a previous life,but few could answer simple questions regarding this previous life.This finding supports the ___________ theory of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About one-third of hypnotized Canadian students could...

Quiz 4: Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs