Question 1

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a therapy technique based on the principles of classical conditioning. It involves pairing relaxation techniques with anxiety-provoking stimuli in a hierarchical manner to gradually reduce anxiety and fear responses.

Question 2

Iram is afraid of snakes.In an effort to help him overcome his fear,his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them.Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed.Iram's therapist is using:

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using flooding, which involves exposing the individual to the feared object or situation in a highly intense manner until they eventually lose their fear response. Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation in a step-by-step manner while using relaxation techniques to decrease anxiety. Paradoxical intent involves encouraging the individual to purposely engage in their feared behavior or thought in an exaggerated manner to decrease anxiety. Aversion therapy involves pairing the feared object or behavior with unpleasant stimuli to decrease its appeal.

Question 3

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter,he gets a painful electric shock.Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him,so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke.Eventually,Jarrad loses his desire to smoke,thanks to:

Accepted Answer

Jarrad's painful electric shock when opening his cigarette case or using his lighter has led to an aversive reaction to smoking. As a result, he has lost his desire to smoke, which is an example of aversion conditioning.

Question 4

The form of behavioural therapy in which an undesirable behaviour is paired with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behaviour is called:

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy involves pairing an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior. Token economies involve positive reinforcement through reward systems, Operant conditioning involves shaping behavior through positive and negative reinforcement, and participant modeling involves learning by observing and mimicking others.

Question 5

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavior therapy used to treat phobias or anxiety disorders. Alice's fear of heights is a clear example of a phobia that could be successfully treated with this technique.

Question 6

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Token economy is a therapy that is based on the principles of operant conditioning. In token economy, desirable behaviors are reinforced with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards, thus increasing the frequency of those behaviors. This therapy is often used in institutional settings, such as schools or prisons, to promote positive behavior among individuals. Choices A, B, and C are not therapies based on the principles of operant conditioning. Systematic desensitization is based on classical conditioning, flooding is based on exposure therapy, and aversion therapy is based on punishment.

Question 7

__________ is a controversial form of therapy in which clients are directed to move their eyes rapidly back and forth while thinking of a disturbing memory.

Accepted Answer

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) is a controversial form of therapy in which clients are directed to move their eyes rapidly back and forth while thinking of a disturbing memory. The goal is to desensitize the client to the memory and reduce its negative impact on their life.

Question 8

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators.She is seeing a therapist who asks her to construct a hierarchy of her fears related to riding in elevators.In addition,her therapist is teaching her to relax while imagining each fear in the hierarchy.Julie's therapist is using:

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using systematic desensitization, which involves creating a hierarchy of fears and gradually exposing the client to each fear while teaching relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety. Person-centered therapy focuses on creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment for the client, while rational-emotive therapy focuses on challenging irrational beliefs and replacing them with more rational ones. Cognitive consistency therapy is not a recognized therapy approach.

Question 9

Systematic desensitization is based on:

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is based on counterconditioning, which aims to replace anxiety with relaxation in response to a phobic stimulus. This is achieved through gradual exposure to the feared stimulus while the individual practices relaxation techniques. This process helps to weaken the association between the phobic stimulus and anxiety, and replace it with a more positive response.

Question 10

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a treatment method that involves progressive relaxation combined with exposure to the feared object. The aim of this treatment is to reduce anxiety and fear by gradually increasing exposure to the feared object or situation while teaching the individual relaxation techniques. This helps the individual to learn to associate the feared object or situation with relaxation rather than fear.

Question 11

Which of the following is false regarding exposure therapies?

Accepted Answer

While exposure can be gradual, it is not always necessary. Some forms of exposure therapy, such as flooding, involve immediate and intense exposure.

Question 12

Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for treating overeating or smoking?

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy is a technique that pairs a harmful behavior with an unpleasant stimulus, in order to reduce the likelihood of the behavior occurring again. This is commonly used in treating overeating and smoking by pairing the behavior with an unpleasant experience, such as an unpleasant smell or taste. Flooding, systematic desensitization, and a token economy are not typically used to treat overeating or smoking.

Question 13

Virtual reality can be an effective tool in treating patients suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Virtual reality has been shown to be an effective tool in treating phobias. It allows patients to confront their fears in a safe and controlled environment, gradually desensitizing them to the phobia-triggering stimulus. While virtual reality may also be useful in treating other conditions, such as depression and PTSD, the evidence for its effectiveness in treating those conditions is not as strong as it is for phobias. There is limited evidence on the use of virtual reality in treating schizophrenia and dissociative amnesia.

Question 14

A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called:

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question where the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is known as flooding. Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing the person to the feared object or situation in a step-by-step process while teaching relaxation techniques. Paradoxical intent involves instructing the person to deliberately engage in the behavior or symptom they are trying to overcome. Aversive therapy is a treatment that involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior in order to reduce the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.

Question 15

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)is primarily used for treatment of:

Accepted Answer

EMDR is primarily used as a psychotherapy treatment for individuals who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has not been shown to be effective in treating schizophrenia, depression, or bipolar disorder.

Question 16

Eloise is living with post-traumatic stress disorder.During her therapy session,her therapist asks her to move her eyes rapidly back and forth while thinking of a disturbing memory.Eloise's therapist is using:

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the scenario of moving the eyes rapidly back and forth while thinking of a disturbing memory is known as eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). It is a psychotherapy approach used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related disorders.

Question 17

Craig is currently in therapy to help him stop smoking.His therapist is using learning techniques to help him modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviours.Craig's therapist is using:

Accepted Answer

The description of the therapy session in the question suggests that Craig's therapist is using behaviour modification techniques. This involves using principles of learning, such as positive and negative reinforcement, to modify behaviour. The therapist is specifically trying to help Craig modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviours, which are key goals of behaviour modification. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) do not fit the description of the therapy session provided.

Question 18

A criticism of eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)therapy is that:

Accepted Answer

While EMDR has shown promising results for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), more research is needed to fully demonstrate its effectiveness. This criticism doesn't necessarily mean that EMDR focuses too much on PTSD or that its theory has never been revised, and it's not clear what is meant by "early studies were done objectively."

Question 19

Due to new computer technology that involves having the client wear a headset that can project realistic anxiety-provoking images,therapists can now conduct ________ through virtual reality exposure in their offices.

Accepted Answer

Virtual reality exposure is used to simulate anxiety-provoking situations in a controlled environment, allowing the therapist to conduct flooding therapy. Flooding is a type of exposure therapy where the client is exposed to the feared object or situation until the anxiety subsides. This type of therapy is often used to treat specific phobias and anxiety disorders. The use of virtual reality technology allows for a more controlled and safe environment for exposure therapy to take place.

Question 20

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behaviour and increase desirable behaviours is called:

Accepted Answer

Behaviour modification is a systematic approach to changing behaviour through the use of various techniques, such as reinforcement, punishment, shaping, and extinction. It is commonly used in clinical psychology and education to treat a variety of negative behaviours and disorders. The other options, such as the empty chair technique, reflection, and selective thinking, are not specific approaches to behaviour modification.

Quiz 14: Psychological Therapies