One of the main reasons for the decline of Kush in general and Meroe in particular was

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Aksum, a kingdom in modern-day Ethiopia, emerged as a major competitor to Meroe for control over trade routes during the first few centuries CE. This competition, along with other factors such as environmental degradation and internal unrest, contributed to the decline of Kush and the Meroitic kingdom in particular. While invasions by nomadic peoples and the rise of other powers may have played a role, there is no strong evidence to suggest that they were the main reasons for the decline of Kush. Christianity did not become a major force in the region until much later, and Carthage was a rival city-state rather than an empire that posed a direct threat to Kush.

One of the Main Reasons for the Decline of Kush