When one expects that his or her efforts to attain performance goals will have a negative outcome, it is known as a negative expectancy.

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Expectancy is people's perceived likelihood that their efforts will enable them to attain their performance goals. An expectancy can be high (up to 100 percent), such as when a student is confident that if she studies hard, she can get a good grade on the final exam. An expectancy can also be low (down to a 0 percent likelihood), such as when a suitor is convinced that his dream date will never go out with him.

When One Expects That His or Her Efforts to Attain