Question 1

Successful aging focuses on letting go and accepting one's place in the sweep of history.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Self-esteem in late adulthood is tied into independence and dependence.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem in late adulthood can be tied into feelings of independence and maintaining independence, while also recognizing and accepting the need for help and dependence on others in certain areas of life.

Question 3

Similarity in personality may work against married couples during middle adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that too much similarity in personality traits may lead to conflict and dissatisfaction in marriage during middle adulthood. Couples who complement each other in certain areas while having different strengths in others tend to be more satisfied and able to handle challenges together.

Question 4

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, which of the following stages of life is associated with late adulthood?​

Accepted Answer

The stage associated with late adulthood in Erikson's psychosocial theory is ego integrity versus despair, which focuses on the process of reflecting on one's life and feeling a sense of satisfaction or regret.

Question 5

In the context of psychosocial theory, Erik Erikson believed that:​

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, people who achieved generativity in middle adulthood (the desire to guide and help younger generations) are more likely to obtain ego integrity in late adulthood (the feeling of completeness and acceptance of one's life). Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because Erikson believed that engaging in life reviews can actually contribute to the achievement of ego integrity. Option B is incorrect because ego transcendence and ego integrity are two separate concepts in Erikson's theory. Option C is incorrect because Erikson did not propose any gender differences in the attainment of ego integrity.

Question 6

Of Robert Peck's developmental tasks, _____ lays emphasis on coming to terms with inevitable physical decline by placing more value on cognitive activities and social relationships.

Accepted Answer

Body transcendence is the developmental task that lays emphasis on coming to terms with inevitable physical decline by placing more value on cognitive activities and social relationships. It involves a shift from a focus on physical abilities to mental and social capabilities. Peck believed that successful individuals in this stage accept the aging process and find new ways to derive pleasure and satisfaction from life.

Question 7

It is normal for older people to be depressed when their friends and partners are dying.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is normal for older people to...

Question 8

Similarity in personality is more of a contributor to conflict in late adulthood than it is in midlife.

Accepted Answer

According to research, similarity in personality is actually less of a contributor to conflict in late adulthood than it is in midlife. This is because as people age, they often become more accepting of differences and less concerned with conformity to social norms. Additionally, older adults may prioritize maintaining positive relationships and avoiding conflict over achieving personal goals.

Question 9

Older people's perceived limitation on future time increases their appreciation for life.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that as people age and perceive their time left in life as limited, they become more focused on appreciating and making the most of the time they have, leading to increased appreciation for life.

Question 10

The basic challenge in the crisis of ego integrity versus despair is to:​

Accepted Answer

The crisis of ego integrity versus despair is focused on the final years of adulthood where individuals face the inevitable decline of physical and cognitive abilities and the reality of their own mortality. The main challenge is to maintain a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives despite these challenges. Thus, B is the best choice as it specifically addresses this challenge. A, C, and D are not as relevant to the crisis of ego integrity versus despair.

Question 11

Steve, a 68-year-old man, quit his medical practice two years ago when he realized his work schedule was taking a toll on his health. He now occasionally lectures in colleges and spends most of his time volunteering at the local church. This example illustrates the concept of _____.

Accepted Answer

Steve's shift from identifying primarily through his work role to finding value and identity through other roles and activities illustrates the concept of ego differentiation versus work-role preoccupation. This concept is about adjusting one's sense of self-worth away from work achievements to other aspects of life, which is what Steve is doing by lecturing and volunteering.

Question 12

The physical aspects of aging can force changes in the choice of activities after retirement and diminish the level of satisfaction gotten from them.

Accepted Answer

As people age and experience physical changes, they may have to adjust their activities and hobbies. This can impact their satisfaction and enjoyment from these activities.

Question 13

Unlike professional activities, leisure activities contribute little to the self-acceptance of retirees.

Accepted Answer

Leisure activities can contribute to the self-acceptance of retirees by providing opportunities for personal growth, social interaction, and self-expression. Engaging in activities that bring joy and fulfillment can also help retirees maintain a sense of purpose and identity outside of their previous work roles.

Question 14

Phobic disorders are characterized by recurrent experiencing of attacks of extreme anxiety in the absence of external stimuli that usually evoke anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Phobic disorders are characterized by extreme anxiety or fear triggered by specific objects or situations, not by the absence of external stimuli.

Question 15

The optimistic attitude of successful agers may be derived from transcendence of the ego.

Accepted Answer

Transcendence of the ego refers to the ability to let go of one's own personal concerns and adopt a broader perspective, which can lead to greater happiness and optimism in life. Successful agers may have achieved this kind of outlook through various means such as meditation, spiritual practices, or life experiences.

Question 16

Depression may be overlooked because its symptoms are masked by physical complaints.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Depression often presents as physical symptoms such as headaches, fatigue or stomach problems, and patients may not immediately realize that they are experiencing a mental health issue. This can make diagnosis challenging, and depression may be missed or misdiagnosed as something else.

Question 17

Selective optimization with compensation helps older people maximize their gains while minimizing their losses.

Accepted Answer

Selective optimization with compensation is a strategy commonly used by older adults to maximize their gains by focusing on areas where they can still improve while minimizing their losses by compensating for areas where they may have declined. This approach allows older adults to maintain their overall level of functioning and wellbeing despite the challenges of aging.

Question 18

The term body esteem refers to pride in the appearance and functioning of one's body.

Accepted Answer

Body esteem refers to feeling positive and confident about one's body, including its appearance and functionality.

Question 19

Most retirees report that their well-being has decreased a year after they have retired.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most retirees report that their well-being has...

Question 20

Ego integrity derives from the acceptance of one's life span being limited and occurring at a certain point in the sweep of history.

Accepted Answer

Ego integrity is a concept developed by Erik Erikson in his theory of psychosocial development. According to Erikson, ego integrity is achieved in the final stage of development, when an individual accepts the reality of their life span and the fact that they will eventually pass on. This acceptance allows individuals to look back on their lives with a sense of satisfaction and completion, rather than despair or regret. Therefore, ego integrity does derive from the acceptance of one's limited lifespan.

Quiz 18: Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development