Question 1

Which of the following theorists considered the symbolic and make-believe aspects of play to be crucial for the development of creative thought?

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky believed that make-believe play was essential for the development of creative thought. He theorized that through play, children were able to use and manipulate symbols, allowing them to think abstractly and eventually understand more complex concepts.

Question 2

One-year-old Ari loves to play with his stuffed animal that makes a noise when it is squeezed,and he often chews on the ears of the animal.This shows that Ari is engaging in ________ play.

Accepted Answer

Ari is engaging in sensorimotor play, which involves using his senses and motor skills to explore and interact with objects in his environment. This is evidenced by his squeezing of the stuffed animal to produce a sound and chewing on the ears, which provides him with sensory stimulation. This type of play is common in infants and young toddlers as they develop their cognitive and physical abilities.

Question 3

Play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports is defined as ________ play.

Accepted Answer

Practice play involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports. Pretense play involves imaginative and symbolic play, constructive play involves building and creating, and symbolic play involves using objects or ideas to represent other objects or ideas.

Question 4

________ play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution.

Accepted Answer

Constructive play is focused on creating or constructing something with a specific goal in mind. It often involves problem-solving and decision-making, as children regulate their own play to achieve a desired outcome. This type of play can help develop creativity, critical thinking skills, and resilience.

Question 5

Research has shown that the only child is likely to be high on the trait of

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that only children tend to have a strong achievement orientation and set high standards for themselves. This may be due to receiving undivided attention and expectations from their parents, leading them to develop a strong sense of responsibility and desire for success. Dependency, self-centered, and impulsive behaviors are not consistently associated with being an only child.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to children's interaction with screens and media?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers often struggle to learn from media compared to older children due to their developmental stage, which affects their ability to understand and retain information from screens.

Question 7

Ben has just learned to open and close doors on his own.He is delighted with his new achievement and keeps opening and closing doors continuously.The type of play Ben is engaging in here is known as ________ play.

Accepted Answer

The type of play Ben is engaging in is practice play, which involves repeatedly performing a skill or activity to master it. Ben is practicing his newfound skill of opening and closing doors.

Question 8

The amount of time devoted to playing both at home and school has ________ over the last several years.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that the amount of time playing has changed over several years, but it does not specify in which direction. However, the word "both" suggests that the change applies to both home and school. Therefore, options A and D (which suggest an increase) cannot be correct. Option C (no change) is plausible but not supported by the sentence. The only remaining option is B (decreased).

Question 9

The term "screen time" includes all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Blackboards are not considered a type of screen or electronic device, so they are not included in the term "screen time."

Question 10

According to research on gay and lesbian parenting,children raised in adoptive gay father families (as compared to heterosexual parent families)are

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children raised in adoptive gay father families are less likely to exhibit externalizing behavior problems compared to children in heterosexual parent families. Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that children raised by gay fathers are more likely to adopt a homosexual sexual identity or less likely to be accepted by their peers.

Question 11

Research based in the United States and most Western cultures has shown that parents who have a higher socioeconomic status

Accepted Answer

Research in the United States and Western cultures has found that parents from higher socioeconomic statuses tend to use a conversational style of communication with their children. They engage in more frequent communication with their children and provide more opportunities for their children to express their opinions and ideas. They also tend to use reasoning and explanations to discipline their children rather than relying on physical punishment or unilateral rules.

Question 12

One important function of the peer group is to

Accepted Answer

Peer groups provide children with a source of information about the world outside the family. They offer a way for children to learn and develop their own social norms and values, which may differ from those of their parents. Children learn from their peers through observing and modeling, as well as through direct communication and interactions. While peer groups can also reinforce certain aspects of parenting styles, it is not their main function. Peer groups cannot compensate for the effects of child maltreatment or act as surrogate parents in situations where children are alone.

Question 13

New research on the role of play in children's development has identified a link between play and

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that play helps children develop language and problem-solving skills. This is because play encourages children to explore, experiment and develop new strategies for understanding the world around them. Play also helps children develop social and emotional skills, which are important for success in school and beyond. There is no evidence suggesting a link between play and peer evaluations, or internalizing or externalizing behavior problems.

Question 14

Which of the following statements reflects the views of Freud and Erikson regarding play?

Accepted Answer

Both Freud and Erikson believed that play was a way for children to work through anxieties and conflicts. It allowed them to explore their own experiences and emotions in a safe and non-threatening way.

Question 15

Games in preschool are typically characterized by

Accepted Answer

Games in preschool often involve reciprocity and turn-taking, as children learn to interact and play with others. This helps develop social skills and cooperation. Solitary play is also common but not the defining characteristic of games in preschool. While there may be some flexibility in rules, there are usually still some basic guidelines that children follow. Sensorimotor play schemes may be present in some games but are not necessarily a defining characteristic of all preschool games.

Question 16

Research based in the United States and most Western cultures has shown that parents who have a lower socioeconomic status are

Accepted Answer

Parents with lower socioeconomic status often emphasize conformity to societal expectations due to limited resources and the need for their children to adapt to societal norms for survival and success.

Question 17

When a child transforms an aspect of the physical environment into a symbol,he or she is engaging in ________ play.

Accepted Answer

Pretense play, also known as symbolic play or fantasy play, is when a child transforms objects or actions into symbols or roles, engaging in imaginative or make-believe scenarios. This can involve using objects as props or pretending to be someone else.

Question 18

Lillian's father Will came home from work one day to find his study table transformed into a "hut." Lillian had pulled out old sheets to cover the table.She excitedly took Will to see her "hut" below the table where she had arranged all her toys and books.Lillian is engaging in ________ play in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

Pretense play involves creating imaginary scenarios and acting them out. Lillian is using her imagination and pretending the table is her own personal space, which falls under the definition of pretense play.

Question 19

Research conducted to study the effects of working parents on children consistently shows that children of working mothers are

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that children of working mothers are more likely to have egalitarian views and engage in less gender stereotyping. These children also tend to have better social skills and higher self-esteem. The idea that children of working mothers are more likely to have significant adjustment problems or associate with antisocial peers is a misconception that has been debunked by research. While there may be some challenges associated with balancing work and family life, overall research suggests that working can have positive effects on both mothers and their children.

Question 20

Ethnic minority parents,in attempts to help their children both adopt to U.S.culture and retain their own cultural identity,emphasize all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The importance of prejudice is not emphasized by ethnic minority parents as it goes against the goal of helping their children retain their identity and integrate into American society. Instead, parents may emphasize the awareness of discrimination that may be faced and the importance of embracing their ethnic pride and knowledge of their cultural background.

Quiz 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood