Question 1

Which of the following is true of the personality differences among cell phone users as discovered by research?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that individuals who scored lower on conscientiousness spent more time texting on their cell phones than those who scored higher on this personality trait.

Question 2

Identify a cultural difference between individualism and collectivism.

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures often emphasize social harmony and interdependence among individuals, which can contribute to lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to individualistic cultures where there is more emphasis on personal achievement and independence.

Question 3

The concept of karma:

Accepted Answer

The concept of karma in Buddhism is often seen as a deterministic view of human nature, which suggests that our present actions will have consequences in the future. The idea is that our past actions create a kind of momentum that will shape our future experiences, creating a sense of cause and effect that is closely tied to the idea of rebirth. While this view of karma may seem deterministic, it is important to note that Buddhism also emphasizes the importance of free choice and action, as individuals have the power to shape their own destiny through their thoughts and actions. Additionally, the concept of karma has little to do with encouraging a rebellious personality type, and it is not a central belief within Islamic communities.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of research on the effect of culture in shaping personality?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that cultural background can influence personality traits, including optimism. People from Western cultures, which often emphasize individualism and personal achievement, tend to be more optimistic compared to those from Eastern cultures, where collectivism and community are more valued. This difference can shape how individuals view their control over personal outcomes and future possibilities.

Question 5

A person from a collectivist society is more likely to focus on:

Accepted Answer

A person from a collectivist society is more likely to prioritize the values and norms of their group or community over their individual needs or desires. This includes valuing cooperation, harmony, and interdependence. Therefore, choice A, which refers to group values, is the most likely focus for someone from a collectivist society.

Question 6

The personality of an individual is _____.

Accepted Answer

Personality is a unique cluster of characteristics that define an individual and differentiate them from others. It includes traits, behaviors, attitudes, and emotions that guide their thoughts and actions. Although some aspects of personality may be shaped by genetics or early life experiences, it is not determined at birth and can change over time. However, there is no one definitive answer to what makes up a person's personality.

Question 7

Research that was conducted in diverse countries,such as the Netherlands,Serbia,Hong Kong,and Korea,suggests that those who have a high level of social network use are _____ than those who use it less.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research that was conducted in diverse countries,such...

Question 8

In the past,_____ were more likely to be used in research on personality theory.

Accepted Answer

Historically, research on personality theory has been dominated by White men.

Question 9

A study on child-rearing practices in different cultures and their effects on personality concluded that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study on child-rearing practices in different...

Question 10

Girls and boys are usually reared according to:

Accepted Answer

Girls and boys are usually reared according to traditional stereotypes, which dictate certain expectations and behaviors based on their assigned gender at birth. This can include everything from what types of toys and activities they are encouraged to engage in, to how they are expected to express emotions and interact with others. While norms of the neighborhood or wishes of grandparents may have some influence, traditional stereotypes are the most pervasive factor in shaping the upbringing of boys and girls.

Question 11

Around 1500,the Latin word persona was used to refer to:

Accepted Answer

The Latin word persona originally referred to a mask used by actors in a play to represent a character. Over time, it came to be used to refer to the social role or identity that a person presents to the world.

Question 12

Identify a true statement about an individual's personality.

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true about an individual's personality. Personality traits and behavior can be stable and predictable, and changes are generally slow and resistant to sudden shifts. Personality is also based on personal traits and behavior, which are shaped by a combination of genetics and environmental factors.

Question 13

Which of the following is a problem limiting the applicability of cross-cultural personality research?

Accepted Answer

The limited availability of relevant research in English-language sources can impede cross-cultural personality research from being widely applicable.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of people using social networking sites,such as Facebook?

Accepted Answer

People using social networking sites often portray an idealized version of themselves, feel they can express their true selves, and tend to present themselves as more emotionally stable, reflecting various aspects of online self-presentation and identity management.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about personality?

Accepted Answer

Personality can have a significant impact on one's choices and opportunities in life. It can either limit or expand a person's options. Personality is not limited to just a few people and is not described as either terrific or terrible by most psychologists. While some aspects of personality may remain constant, it is also subject to change and development over time.

Question 16

Which of the following statements can be used to sum up personality?

Accepted Answer

Personality is a complex combination of traits, behaviors, and characteristics that define who we are. It is a subjective experience that includes both how we see ourselves and how others see us. While childhood experiences and memories can play a role in shaping our personality, it is not entirely based on them. Similarly, personality is not deterministic or fixed; it can change and evolve over time. The idea that personality is solely based on repressed memories or fantasies is also not accurate.

Question 17

The research conducted by Barrett,Lane,Sechrest,and Schwartz (2000)suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The research conducted by Barrett, Lane, Sechrest, and Schwartz (2000) suggests that women exhibit greater emotional complexity than men.

Question 18

We research theories of personality to:

Accepted Answer

The purpose of researching theories of personality is to understand their use in solving real-world problems, such as improving communication, leadership, and conflict resolution in personal and professional relationships. There is no superiority of one theory over the others, as each theory has strengths and limitations. Furthermore, personality theories cannot generalize that all people are the same across cultures, as culture plays a significant role in shaping personality development.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of self-enhancement?

Accepted Answer

Self-enhancement is the tendency to present oneself in a favorable manner, often by emphasizing positive attributes or achievements.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of the assumptions made by early personality theorists?

Accepted Answer

Early personality theorists commonly believed that personality theories applied universally to all people regardless of gender and race.

Answer: B and C are incorrect 
 There is no evidence to support the assumption made in option B that siblings growing up together have highly identical personality types. Additionally, it is widely accepted in contemporary psychology that social and environmental forces have significant impacts on shaping personality, making option C incorrect.

Answer: D is incorrect 
 While ethnic background may have some influence on personality, it is not a definitive or overarching factor. The assumption made in option D oversimplifies the issue and ignores the complexity of personality development.

Quiz 1: Personality: What It Is and Why You Should Care