During the first half of the twentieth century, large numbers of African American voters were disqualified from voting as a result of

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All three methods, literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses were used to deliberately disenfranchise African American voters during the first half of the twentieth century. Literacy tests were used to prevent them from registering to vote by requiring them to pass difficult reading and comprehension tests. Poll taxes required would-be voters to pay a fee before they could cast a ballot, which was a financial burden for many African Americans who were already struggling with poverty. Grandfather clauses exempted from these requirements those who had ancestors who had been able to vote prior to the Civil War, which effectively excluded African Americans whose ancestors were slaves and therefore did not have voting rights at that time.

During the First Half of the Twentieth Century, Large Numbers