Studying Patterns of Consumption Among Low-Income and High-Income Families,Alison Pugh

Studying patterns of consumption among low-income and high-income families,Alison Pugh found all of the following EXCEPT

A) low-income parents used symbolic deprivation, giving only what they could afford.
B) upper-income families limited children's consumption to prevent their becoming materialistic in their values.
C) upper-income families spent money not on possessions but on activities like lessons and schooling that developed new skills and competence.
D) upper-income African American families exposed their children to situations in which they would be the only African American so they could cope with being "the only one."