The main reason that the Donner Party became stranded on the Oregon Trail was:

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The Donner Party made a series of poor decisions and mistakes that led to their eventual stranding on the Oregon Trail. These included taking a shortcut that proved treacherous, getting caught in an early winter storm, and becoming bogged down in the snow without adequate provisions. There is no evidence to suggest that they were caught in the crossfire of the Mexican War For Independence, too small to survive the journey, led astray by a broken compass, or annihilated by Indians.

The Main Reason That the Donner Party Became Stranded on the Oregon