Question 1

In terms of self-esteem,most young children

Accepted Answer

Most young children tend to overestimate their abilities, which is known as the "overconfidence effect" in psychological research. They may believe they can do things that are beyond their current skill level, which can lead to frustration or disappointment when they try and fail. However, this overestimation of abilities can also provide a sense of confidence and motivation for children to try new things and challenge themselves.

Question 2

When describing herself at age 4,Alicia tells you she can climb trees.If you asked her to describe herself again at age 8,she would probably tell you

Accepted Answer

At age 8, children are more likely to describe themselves in terms of stable traits or competencies (e.g., "athletic") rather than specific activities or abilities (e.g., climbing trees, running fast). This reflects their developing self-concept and ability to generalize across situations.

Question 3

According to research on children's understanding of emotions,when 4-year-olds do something that has been forbidden by their parents,they feel shame

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Understanding their emotions helps children to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Understanding their emotions helps children to guide their behavior in social situations, control the way they show their feelings, and talk about their feelings. However, it does not give them complete control over all social situations.

Question 5

A system of descriptive and evaluative representations about the self is called

Accepted Answer

A system of descriptive and evaluative representations about the self is commonly referred to as the self-concept. It includes both our conscious and subconscious beliefs about ourselves, as well as our perceptions of our own abilities and traits.

Question 6

At what age do children first begin to take pride in their accomplishments,even when no one is around to see them doing something well?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what age do children first begin...

Question 7

According to Erikson,which of the following is the central issue of early childhood?

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, the central issue according to Erikson is initiative versus guilt. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 3 and 6, and is characterized by children developing a sense of their own initiative through play and exploration. Success in this stage leads to feelings of confidence and the ability to take on new challenges, while failure can lead to feelings of guilt and hesitancy in taking action.

Question 8

When children with high self-esteem experience failure,they

Accepted Answer

Children with high self-esteem who experience failure are more likely to persevere and develop strategies that will provide success. They view failure as a temporary setback and are confident in their ability to eventually succeed. They do not attribute failure to themselves or their choices but see it as an opportunity to learn and grow.

Question 9

Feeling both angry and relieved at the same time is an example of

Accepted Answer

Feeling both angry and relieved at the same time is an example of conflicting emotions, as these two emotions seem to contradict each other.

Question 10

According to your text,if young Quinn sees his mother smiling,he is most likely to believe

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text,if young Quinn sees...

Question 11

According to the text,which of the following is a reason for the difficulty that 3-year-olds have in understanding their own emotions?

Accepted Answer

The text states that 3-year-olds have difficulty understanding their own emotions because they do not yet understand that they can experience different emotions at the same time.

Question 12

In neo-Piagetian terminology,the first stage in development of self-definition,in which children describe themselves in terms of individual unconnected characteristics and in all-or-nothing terms,is called

Accepted Answer

The description provided matches the characteristics of the single representations stage of self-definition in neo-Piagetian theory. This stage is characterized by a lack of integration between different traits or characteristics of the self, and the tendency to describe oneself in all-or-nothing, absolute terms. Choices A, C, and D are not relevant to this stage.

Question 13

When a 4-year-old boy is asked to describe himself,he will typically tell you about his

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a 4-year-old boy is asked to...

Question 14

Which of the following is a part of self-definition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a part...

Question 15

When children talk about their own concrete,observable behaviors,they are providing their self-

Accepted Answer

When a child talks about their own concrete, observable behaviors, they are defining themselves. This is an important aspect of developing self-awareness and understanding one's own identity. Choice A (cognition) refers to the mental processes and abilities involved in acquiring and using knowledge. Choice C (efficacy) refers to one's belief in their ability to achieve goals and succeed in specific situations. Choice D (awareness) is related to the child's ability to perceive, feel, or be conscious of their surroundings, but does not specifically relate to their ability to describe their own behaviors.

Question 16

When Austin says,"I am Spider Man," he is demonstrating a perception of his _______ self.

Accepted Answer

Austin's statement, "I am Spider Man," reflects his ideal self, which is a representation of the attributes he aspires to have, in this case, those of a superhero like Spider-Man.

Question 17

The judgment children make about their overall worth is their

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to the judgment a person makes about their overall worth or value as a human being. Self-concept refers to the beliefs and perceptions a person has about themselves, while self-description refers to how a person would describe themselves to others. Self-worth is another term for self-esteem. Therefore, the most fitting choice is C.

Question 18

A child is motivated to achieve when his or her personal self-esteem is

Accepted Answer

When a child has high self-esteem, they are more likely to feel capable, competent and confident. This inner confidence contributes to their motivation to achieve and succeed. Children who have low self-esteem may lack confidence and belief in themselves, leading to decreased motivation and a sense of helplessness. Therefore, a child's personal self-esteem plays a significant role in their motivation to achieve.

Question 19

According to research on gender differences,differences in activity levels between boys and girls begins

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that differences in activity levels between boys and girls can begin prior to birth, with studies observing differences in movement patterns and activity levels in fetuses.

Question 20

The 5-7 shift refers to

Accepted Answer

The 5-7 shift refers to changes in the way children describe themselves, particularly in their self-concept and self-esteem, which often become more realistic and stable during this time period.

Quiz 8: Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood