Many American Firms That Sold Oil-Refining Technology to Firms in the Gulf

Many American firms that sold oil-refining technology to firms in the Gulf now find themselves competing with these firms in the world oil market. This is an example of

A) a firm entering into a turnkey project with a foreign enterprise, inadvertently creating a competitor.
B) a firm entering into a turnkey deal having no long-term interest in the foreign country.
C) a country subsequently proving to be a major market for the output of the process that has been exported.
D) a firm selling its process technology through franchisees in different countries.