According to the expectancy theory, which of the following is true about instrumentality?
A)Managers promote high levels of instrumentality when they link performance to desired outcomes.
B)Managers promote instrumentality by ensuring that rewards are distributed to employees on the basis of their rank.
C)Managers create low levels instrumentality when the distribution of outcomes available in an organization is performance-based.
D)Managers create low levels of instrumentality when they link effort to performance.
E)Managers promote low levels of instrumentality when they communicate to employees that high performance will lead to a pay raise in the future.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Instrumentality, the second major concept in expectancy theory, is a person's perception about the extent to which performance at a certain level results in the attainment of outcomes.According to expectancy theory, employees are motivated to perform at a high level only if they think high performance will lead to (or is instrumental for attaining) outcomes such as pay, job security, interesting job assignments, bonuses, or a feeling of accomplishment.

According to the Expectancy Theory, Which of the Following Is