Question 1

When Angel was placed in a crib with an older child who immediately started to cry,Angel tried to climb out of the crib.It was clear to his father that Angel was anxious about the situation.How old must Angel be to experience this emotion?

Accepted Answer

Angel must be between six and nine months old because it is around this age that infants begin to show signs of stranger anxiety, which is a form of distress that children experience when exposed to unfamiliar people. The ability to recognize unfamiliar situations and respond with anxiety suggests a level of cognitive and emotional development typical of this age range.

Question 2

A baby that is six to nine months old will begin to display:

Accepted Answer

At six to nine months, babies start to show a wider range of emotions including fear, anxiety, pleasure, and shyness as they become more aware of their surroundings and begin to form stronger attachments to their caregivers.

Question 3

Six-year-old Avery is putting together a model horse that is quite challenging.As she sorts through the pieces of tack,she sometimes talks to herself out loud and sometimes she mutters quietly.Her parents are concerned that their daughter talks to herself.What should you tell them?

Accepted Answer

Talking to oneself is a common behavior in children and is often used as a cognitive tool to plan and guide complex behavior. It can be beneficial for children, especially when they are working on a challenging task, as it helps them to organize their thoughts, stay focused and self-regulate. Therefore, parents should not be concerned about their child talking to themselves.

Question 4

Ideally,parents' expectations of their child and their sense of how to parent that child should:

Accepted Answer

Parents' expectations and parenting style should be tailored to their child's strengths, abilities, and personality. A child who is introverted and studious may require different expectations and parenting approaches than a child who is outgoing and athletic. Personalizing expectations and parenting style in this way can lead to better outcomes for the child. Relying on one's own parents' parenting style may not always be appropriate or effective and basing expectations on authoritarian principles or community mores may not account for individual differences.

Question 5

Anger first appears as an emotion in babies that are __________ months old.

Accepted Answer

Anger can appear in babies as young as three months old. This is when they start to express a range of emotions, including frustration, which can manifest as anger.

Question 6

Evan was playing with Kayla when she decided she wanted to play with the truck Evan had.Evan protested,but his mother told him to share.Evan smiled as he handed Kayla the truck.Evan's smile may be interpreted as evidence that:

Accepted Answer

Evan's smile could indicate any of these interpretations: happiness from sharing, gladness in making Kayla happy, or politeness masking his true feelings of wanting to cry. Without more context, any of these interpretations could be valid.

Question 7

Of the following,which one is an important milestone in the development of healthy emotional expression?

Accepted Answer

All of these factors, knowing which emotions are appropriate, managing emotional reactions, and recognizing motivations triggered by emotions, are important milestones in the development of healthy emotional expression. Being able to appropriately identify and understand emotions, as well as manage and control emotional reactions, is crucial for building positive relationships and achieving personal growth. Furthermore, recognizing and understanding the underlying motivations behind emotions can help individuals better understand themselves and develop more effective coping strategies.

Question 8

If an infant has an easygoing demeanor,his or her parents will likely respond favourably to the child most of the time,which in turn will increase the infant's security and confidence and cause the parents to treat the child even more favourably.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal interactions refer to the bidirectional interactions between the infant and the caregiver, where each respond to and influence the other. In this scenario, the easygoing demeanor of the infant elicits positive and responsive behavior from the parents, which in turn reinforces the positive behavior and interactions between the two. This creates a positive feedback loop of reciprocal interactions, which can contribute to the infant's developing sense of security and confidence in the world.

Question 9

The success of any child-parent relationship hinges upon how the parents view and exercise their roles and:

Accepted Answer

While the other factors can play a small role, the main determinant of success in a child-parent relationship is how the child reacts to the parenting style. This is because every child is different and may respond differently to different parenting styles, so it is important for parents to be attuned to their child's needs and adapt their parenting style accordingly.

Question 10

__________ are considered "the language of infancy."

Accepted Answer

Emotions are considered "the language of infancy" because infants primarily communicate their needs and feelings through emotional expressions before they develop verbal language skills.

Question 11

Tahirah is crying loudly at being left alone in her crib.Tahirah is 2 months old.What emotion is she likely showing?

Accepted Answer

At 2 months old, Tahirah is not capable of experiencing complex emotions like shame or anxiety. Her crying is likely a sign of distress, which is a basic emotional response to being separated from a caregiver. Fear may also be present, but distress is the most accurate description of her emotional state.

Question 12

Gavin's primary communication is in the form of gurgles and coos.How old is Gavin?

Accepted Answer

According to language development milestones, gurgles and coos are typically observed in infants between the age of 0-2 months. Therefore, Gavin is likely no older than 2 months.

Question 13

Landon is delighted when his mother picks him up from his crib and angry when she sets him down in the playpen.Landon must be at least __________ of age.

Accepted Answer

By three months, babies are able to express their emotions more clearly and can distinguish between familiar people and objects. They may start displaying preferences for certain people or activities, as shown in the scenario with Landon being delighted when his mother picks him up and angry when she sets him down in the playpen. At one or two months, babies may not yet have developed these abilities. By one year, babies would likely have more advanced communication and motor skills.

Question 14

Which of the following components of family relationships is important to the development of an infant,physically as well as socially?

Accepted Answer

All of these components are crucial for the development of an infant both physically and socially. Marital satisfaction of the parents can provide a stable and harmonious environment, sibling interactions can foster social skills and emotional understanding, and parent-sibling interactions can offer direct care, love, and social learning opportunities.

Question 15

"Da da da da da ba ba ba ba ma ma ma," chortles little Ji while his father rocks him in the recliner.Because Ji can produce these repetitive syllables,he must be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Da da da da da ba ba...

Question 16

__________ refer to the mutual changes that occur in a relationship resulting from the behaviours and attitudes of the individuals involved.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal interactions refer to the mutual changes that occur in a relationship resulting from the behaviours and attitudes of the individuals involved. This means that the actions and reactions of both parties contribute to the dynamic of the relationship. Synchronous dynamics refer to the coordination or harmony between two individuals, while autonomous relations suggest that the individuals involved are more independent and self-governing. Entrainment rhythms refer to the synchronization of biological rhythms, such as breathing or heartbeat, between two individuals.

Question 17

When 4-year-old Sada learns to say "I want a drink of water" instead of pointing and saying "water,drink" she is mastering the __________ of the English language.

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the rules for combining words into sentences. When Sada learns to say "I want a drink of water" instead of "water, drink," she is demonstrating an understanding of the correct word order and sentence structure in English, which is an aspect of syntax.

Question 18

Which emotions are typically expressed by newborn?

Accepted Answer

Newborns typically express three basic emotions: pleasure, distress, and disgust. They may smile and coo when they are comfortable and fed, but cry and show signs of discomfort when hungry, wet, or cold. Disgust may be expressed through facial expressions to unpleasant tastes or smells. While infants may display other emotions such as wariness, anger, and anxiety later on, they are not typically expressed by newborns. Shame and defiance require a sense of self-awareness which an infant in the newborn stage may not possess yet.

Question 19

Interactions between a parent and infant are:

Accepted Answer

Interactions between a parent and infant involve active participation from both the child and the parent. The infant learns to communicate with their caregiver through gestures, facial expressions, and vocalizations, while the parent learns to interpret and respond appropriately. These interactions are important for the infant's social-emotional development and the establishment of a secure attachment bond. While responses to physical needs are a part of the interaction, it is not the only emphasis.

Question 20

Baby Sean may be cooing,smiling,and kicking primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Infants engage in reciprocal interactions with their caregivers as a means of socialization and attachment, which helps them regulate their emotions, build trust and develop a sense of security. The cooing, smiling and kicking can be seen as an invitation for social interaction, which reinforces their developing relationships. While exercise, cognitive development and autonomy are also important factors in infant development, maintaining social relationships with caregivers is a primary concern for infants.

Quiz 5: Infancy