Question 1

An early practitioner of hypnosis, who believed it was caused by animal magnetism, was

Accepted Answer

Franz Mesmer was an early practitioner of hypnosis who believed it was caused by animal magnetism. William James was a psychologist who studied hypnosis but did not believe in Mesmer's theory of animal magnetism. Wolfgang Kuhler was a Gestalt psychologist who did not focus on hypnosis. Stanford Babinski is not a well-known figure in the history of hypnotism.

Question 2

According to the _____ theory, many brain areas that are active when we are awake remain active during dreaming with dreams being a conscious expression of the REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences.

Accepted Answer

The neurocognitive theory suggests that dreaming is a result of the brain's processes during REM sleep, where it sorts and stores daily experiences. Many brain areas that are active during waking hours also remain active during dreaming, leading to a conscious experience of these processes. The psychodynamic theory (B) suggests that dreams are a manifestation of unconscious desires and conflicts, the humanistic theory (C) focuses on self-growth and personal fulfillment, and the Gestalt theory (D) emphasizes the holistic organization of experiences. None of these theories fully explains the phenomenon of dreaming as well as the neurocognitive theory.

Question 3

According to Hobson and McCarley, dreams are more primitive and more bizarre than daytime thoughts because

Accepted Answer

According to the Hobson and McCarley activation-synthesis theory, the frontal areas of the cortex, which control higher mental abilities, are mostly shut down during REM sleep, which leads to more primitive and bizarre thoughts, including dreams.

Question 4

The neurocognitive dream theory emphasizes

Accepted Answer

The neurocognitive dream theory suggests that dreams are a continuation of our waking thoughts and emotions, reflecting our everyday concerns and experiences.

Question 5

Current research on dream content indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that dream content often involves interactions with people the dreamer knows, such as friends, enemies, parents, or employers. While some dreams may take place in strange or unfamiliar settings, this is not necessarily the norm. Flying, floating, and falling are common dream experiences, but not necessarily the most common. Similarly, while fear, anger, and sadness are common emotions in dreams, they are not always the most prevalent.

Question 6

Current studies of dreams indicate that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Current studies of dreams indicate that
...

Question 7

Regarding dream theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis does not completely rule out the possibility that dreams have meaning, but rather suggests that the meaning is created by the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep.

Question 8

According to_____, the brain will create a chase drama if neurons are activated during REM sleep that tell the brain that the body is running, but the brain receives no feedback from the motionless legs.

Accepted Answer

The theory described is known as the activation-synthesis theory, which was proposed by Hobson and McCarley. They suggested that the brain creates the storyline of dreams by making sense of random neuron firing during REM sleep. In the case of a chase drama, neurons may be firing that signal the body is running but because the body is paralyzed during REM sleep, no feedback is received from the legs, leading to a chase scene in the dream.

Question 9

The neurocognitive dream theory was developed by

Accepted Answer

William Domhoff is known for developing the neurocognitive dream theory, which integrates cognitive psychology and neuroscience to explain dreaming.

Question 10

Regarding dream content, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Dream actions of flying, floating, or falling are not more frequent than running, sitting, or talking in dreams.

Question 11

According to research, when one is dreaming, which action of those listed occurs the MOST?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research, when one is dreaming,...

Question 12

According to research, when one is dreaming, which action of those listed occurs the LEAST?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research, when one is dreaming,...

Question 13

Current research on dream content indicates that

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that most dreams are related to our everyday experiences and activities. Dreams are considered to be an extension of our waking life, and often reflect concerns, emotions, and issues that we are dealing with while we are awake. While sexual content may occur in some dreams, it is not the dominant theme. Similarly, dreams may contain both pleasant and unpleasant emotions, but it is not necessarily the case that one type occurs more frequently than the other. Psychological violence is not a typical theme in most dreams.

Question 14

According to _____, dreams are a conscious expression of the REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences.

Accepted Answer

William Domhoff's cognitive theory of dreaming proposes that dreams are a manifestation of the brain's attempt to sort and categorize daily experiences during REM sleep.

Question 15

A lonely person may dream of romance, and a student who is angry with a teacher might dream of embarrassing the teacher in class.According to the neurocognitive theory, these dreams

Accepted Answer

The neurocognitive theory suggests that dreams reflect ordinary waking concerns, such as a lonely person dreaming of romance or a student dreaming of embarrassing a teacher they are angry with. These dreams are not necessarily symbolic or prophetic, but rather relate to the individual's current life experiences and concerns.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis suggests that the bizarre images in dreams are a result of the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firings during REM sleep. It does not propose that dreams have hidden meanings expressed in muscle movement, nor does it directly address the meaning of dream symbols.

Question 17

Having a bizarre dream in which you are flying through the air like a bird lends support to which dream theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Having a bizarre dream in which you...

Question 18

Interest in hypnosis stems from the work of _____, who believed he could cure diseases with magnets.

Accepted Answer

Franz Mesmer is considered the founder of modern hypnosis, and his work with animal magnetism in the 18th century laid the groundwork for the development of hypnosis as a treatment for medical and psychological conditions. James Braid, on the other hand, is credited with coining the term "hypnosis," but he came after Mesmer and built upon his work. Sigmund Freud and G. Stanley Hall were influential figures in psychology, but they are not typically associated with the development of hypnosis.

Question 19

Studies of dream content do support the _____ focus on the continuity between dreams and waking thought.

Accepted Answer

Neurocognitive theory emphasizes the continuity between dreams and waking thought, as it suggests that dreams reflect the ongoing cognitive activity of the brain during sleep. This is supported by studies of dream content, which have found similarities between dream content and waking thought processes. Other theories, such as the Gestalt dream theory and activation-synthesis hypothesis, have alternative explanations for dream content and do not necessarily emphasize continuity with waking thought. Psychodynamic theory emphasizes unconscious conflicts and desires, which may have some continuity with waking thought but also diverge in important ways.

Question 20

Regarding dream content, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true. Many dreams can be viewed as a different form of thinking, actions in dreams often involve emotionally important people, and dreams can provide warnings about unhealthy habits or risky decisions. Dream content can have a significant impact on our lives, both consciously and unconsciously.

Quiz 6: Extension B: States of Consciousness

An early practitioner of hypnosis, who believed it was caused by animal magnetism, was

According to the _____ theory, many brain areas that are active when we are awake remain active during dreaming with dreams being a conscious expression of the REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences.

According to Hobson and McCarley, dreams are more primitive and more bizarre than daytime thoughts because

The neurocognitive dream theory emphasizes

Current research on dream content indicates that

Current studies of dreams indicate that

Regarding dream theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to_____, the brain will create a chase drama if neurons are activated during REM sleep that tell the brain that the body is running, but the brain receives no feedback from the motionless legs.

The neurocognitive dream theory was developed by

Regarding dream content, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to research, when one is dreaming, which action of those listed occurs the MOST?

According to research, when one is dreaming, which action of those listed occurs the LEAST?

Current research on dream content indicates that

According to _____, dreams are a conscious expression of the REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences.

A lonely person may dream of romance, and a student who is angry with a teacher might dream of embarrassing the teacher in class.According to the neurocognitive theory, these dreams

Which of the following statements concerning the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is/are TRUE?

Having a bizarre dream in which you are flying through the air like a bird lends support to which dream theory?

Interest in hypnosis stems from the work of _____, who believed he could cure diseases with magnets.

Studies of dream content do support the _____ focus on the continuity between dreams and waking thought.

Regarding dream content, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?