Question 1

Haim Ginott believes that making a distinction between _____ is the key to clear communication between parent and child.

Accepted Answer

Haim Ginott believed that making a distinction between feelings and behavior is the key to clear communication between parent and child. He emphasized the importance of acknowledging and validating a child's feelings, while also helping them understand appropriate behaviors. By separating these two, parents can avoid attacking the child's character or self-worth and instead focus on positive solutions and alternatives.

Question 2

Regarding discipline, it is usually more effective to

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that positive reinforcement through rewards for good behavior is more effective in promoting desirable behavior than punishment for misbehavior. It also promotes a positive relationship between the parent and child. With withdrawal of love or intense disapproval, the child might feel resentful or become rebellious, and requiring the child to think about their inappropriate action for several hours might not be developmentally appropriate or effective for young children.

Question 3

Sandy and her six-year-old son Tim are in a department store when Tim begins nagging her for a toy.Sandy tells him "no," but later she feels guilty and buys him the toy.Sandy is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Sandy is exhibiting inconsistent discipline by initially saying no to buying the toy but later giving in and buying it. This sends mixed messages to Tim and can lead to confusion regarding boundaries and expectations.

Question 4

Maggie Mamen believes that in their attempt to empower their children, parents have created children who have artificially high levels of self-esteem and a sense of entitlement.This style of parenting would be considered _____ parenting.

Accepted Answer

Overly permissive parenting involves being lenient and indulgent towards children, which can lead to a sense of entitlement and inflated self-esteem. This matches the situation described in the question, where parents have empowered their children too much, leading to high self-esteem and entitlement. Authoritative parenting involves setting limits and guidelines while still being responsive to the child's needs, which is not the case in this scenario. Power assertive parenting is characterized by the use of punishment and aggression to control children, which is not mentioned in the question. Authoritarian parenting is strict and controlling, which is also not described in the scenario.

Question 5

Margaret and Jason have chosen to use punishment with their two children.In which of the following situations did they follow the guidelines for using physical punishment?

Accepted Answer

Spanking a one-year-old is not appropriate according to guidelines as they are too young to understand why they are being punished. Choice C is also not appropriate as labeling a child as "bad" can lead to negative self-esteem and does not address the behavior that needs to be corrected. It is recommended to use physical punishment (such as spanking) only as a last resort for specific behaviors in children who are old enough to understand the connection between the behavior and the consequence. Therefore, spanking a four-year-old who has engaged in a dangerous or harmful behavior can be considered appropriate if used sparingly and as a part of an overall discipline strategy that includes positive reinforcement and communication.

Question 6

According to Maggie Mamen, modern parents in their attempts to empower their children imposed few limits on their behavior and tried to make the children feel "special." This type of parenting produced children who

Accepted Answer

According to the passage, modern parenting that emphasizes making children feel "special" and lacks limits on behavior tends to produce children who exhibit all three traits listed in the answer choices: excessive importance on physical attractiveness, bullying or even criminal behavior, and addiction to seeking ways to enhance self-esteem. Therefore, D is the correct choice.

Question 7

Inconsistent discipline

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent discipline can lead to confusion and frustration in children as they are unsure of what behavior is acceptable and what is not. This can in turn lead to anger and acting out.

Question 8

When punishing children, which of the following statements meets the guidelines for effective use of punishment?

Accepted Answer

According to the guidelines for effective use of punishment, it is important to clearly communicate what behavior is being punished and why. Option A is not effective because it uses withdrawal of love as a form of punishment, which can be harmful to the child's emotional well-being. Option B is not effective because it labels the child as "bad" and may not provide clear information about what behavior needs to change. Option C is effective because it communicates both the parent's emotional reaction and the specific behavior that needs to change, helping the child to understand the consequences of their actions in a clear and constructive way.

Question 9

Vincent sends his son and daughter to their rooms for fighting, but the next day he overlooks their fighting.Vincent is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Vincent is exhibiting inconsistent discipline by enforcing the consequence of sending his children to their rooms one day but overlooking their fighting the next day. This inconsistency can confuse children and make it difficult for them to understand and comply with rules and expectations.

Question 10

According to Maggie Mamen, _____ parenting produces spoiled, self-indulgent children who have little self-control.

Accepted Answer

According to Maggie Mamen, overly permissive parenting can lead to spoiled and self-indulgent behavior in children as they are not held accountable or given boundaries, resulting in little self-control.

Question 11

For children over five years of age,

Accepted Answer

All the statements are true regarding discipline for children over five years of age. Spankings can lead to negative feelings, management techniques can be more effective, and communication-focused methods are recommended.

Question 12

Children are more likely to develop low self-esteem if parents use

Accepted Answer

Physical punishment and withdrawal of love techniques can both contribute to a child developing low self-esteem. This is because physical punishment can make a child feel powerless and worthless, while withdrawal of love can make them feel unlovable and unwanted. Management techniques alone do not necessarily lead to low self-esteem, but they may have an impact depending on how they are implemented.

Question 13

Punishment, such as scolding or taking away privileges, is most effective when

Accepted Answer

Punishment is most effective when done immediately, as it creates a clear connection between the behavior and the consequences. Delaying punishment may cause the child to forget what they did wrong or feel that the punishment is unfair.

Question 14

According to the author of your textbook, the general guidelines for using physical punishment include

Accepted Answer

The author of the textbook recommends all of these guidelines for using physical punishment, including reserving spankings for situations that pose an immediate danger to younger children, separating disapproval of the act from disapproval of the child, and recognizing that spankings may be most effective for children ages two to five years.

Question 15

Responding differently to the same misbehavior and saying one thing and doing something else are two examples of

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent discipline refers to when caregivers respond differently to the same misbehavior or say one thing and do something else. This can create confusion and may not effectively teach children appropriate behavior. Power assertive discipline involves using physical force or threats to control behavior, while democratic parenting involves working collaboratively with children to come up with rules and consequences. Constructively varying one's discipline involves adapting one's approach to discipline based on the child's age, temperament, and the specific situation.

Question 16

According to your textbook, general guidelines for using physical punishment include

Accepted Answer

Physical punishment should be reserved for situations that pose an immediate danger to younger children, as it is generally discouraged and should be used sparingly and with caution.

Question 17

Consistency in childrearing, or maintaining stable rules of conduct,

Accepted Answer

Consistency in childrearing means maintaining stable rules of conduct and boundaries, which provides a child with a sense of stability and security. It does not necessarily require being a strict parent, using the same form of punishment, or not allowing children to control the consequences of their behavior.

Question 18

Inconsistent discipline can include

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent discipline includes all of these behaviors. Saying one thing and doing something else creates confusion for the child and may lead to mistrust. Making statements you do not mean can also increase confusion and make it difficult for the child to understand what is expected of them. Responding differently to the same behavior can be very confusing for a child, and may lead them to believe that behavior is arbitrary or unfair. Consistency is key in discipline to ensure that children understand expectations and establish trust with caregivers.

Question 19

Consistency in childrearing means

Accepted Answer

Consistency in childrearing means maintaining stable rules of conduct. This means that parents enforce the same standards and expectations consistently over time, which helps children feel safe, secure, and confident in their environment. It also helps them learn important life skills such as self-control, responsibility, and problem-solving. While using explanations and reasons and teaching morality are important aspects of parenting, they are not necessarily synonymous with consistency. Strict discipline can sometimes be necessary but it is not the sole definition of consistency in childrearing.

Question 20

According to Maggie Mamen, modern parents in trying to empower their children, imposed few limits on their behavior and gave them everything they wanted.This type of parenting produced children who

Accepted Answer

Maggie Mamen suggests that modern parents who impose few limits on their children's behavior and give them everything they want create children who have artificially high levels of self-esteem and a sense of entitlement. This indicates that choice B is the best answer.

Quiz 3: Extension C: Human Development