Question 1

In Milgram's experiments, all of the following circumstances reduced obedience to lower levels EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Milgram's experiments, all of the following...

Question 2

In the original Milgram experiment, _____ of the "teachers" administered "shocks" all the way to the 450-volt level.

Accepted Answer

In the original Milgram experiment, 65 percent of the "teachers" administered "shocks" all the way to the 450-volt level. This is a significant majority and highlights the power of authority and obedience in shaping behavior.

Question 3

When the participants in Milgram's experiment were face to face with the learner and had to force his or her hand down on a simulated "shock plate,"

Accepted Answer

When participants were face to face with the learner and had to physically force their hand down on the shock plate, fewer participants followed the experimenter's orders to deliver shocks. This suggests a higher level of empathy and discomfort with causing harm when physically close to the learner.

Question 4

Regarding Milgram's studies, which of the following situations reduced obedience the LEAST?

Accepted Answer

Milgram found that when the learner complained, shouted or cried, obedience levels decreased as the teacher felt more empathy towards the learner and less comfortable with the situation. In contrast, distance between the teacher and the experimenter or the setting did not significantly affect obedience levels. The distance between the teacher and the learner had some effect but not as much as the learner's protest.

Question 5

Regarding Milgram's experiments, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's experiments involved "teachers" who were unaware that the "learners" were confederates and were not actually receiving shocks.

Question 6

_____ experiment in which a "teacher" gave shocks to a "learner" was actually designed to assess the obedience of the "teacher."

Accepted Answer

The experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram in which a "teacher" gave shocks to a "learner" was a famous study on obedience to authority. The study aimed to analyze the obedience of the "teacher" towards the instructions given by the experimenter, who acted as an authority figure in the experiment. The experiment became controversial due to the ethical concerns raised about the psychological harm inflicted on the participants.

Question 7

In one study, an experimenter interrupted people who were in a phone booth and explained that he had left a ring in the booth and asked if the person had found it.When the subjects said no, the experimenter demanded that they empty their pockets.The majority of the subjects

Accepted Answer

The majority of the subjects emptied their pockets in response to the experimenter's demand. This suggests a tendency towards compliance with authority figures, even in situations where the request seems unreasonable or inappropriate.

Question 8

Stanley Milgram's experiment in which a "teacher" gave shocks to a "learner" was actually designed to assess

Accepted Answer

Milgram's experiment was specifically designed to assess the level of obedience individuals would show when instructed to administer increasingly painful electric shocks to another person. The study was intended to explore the factors that contribute to obedience and willingness to comply with authority figures, even when it goes against their own moral codes.

Question 9

Conformity to the demands of an authority is known as

Accepted Answer

Conformity to the demands of an authority is known as obedience. Compliance refers to conforming to the requests or expectations of others, while persuasion refers to the act of changing someone's beliefs or attitudes through communication. Attribution refers to the process of explaining the causes of behaviors or events.

Question 10

The section in this chapter entitled "Quack Like a Duck," in which a psychology professor begins the first day of class by establishing the basic rules of conduct in the class, illustrates the students'

Accepted Answer

The section "Quack Like a Duck" demonstrates the students' obedience to a legitimate authority figure, as the professor establishes the rules and expectations for the class. The students follow the professor's instructions to quack like a duck, indicating their compliance with his authority.

Question 11

Before the Milgram experiment was conducted, a group of psychiatrists predicted that less than _____ percent of the people tested would obey, when, in reality, _____ percent obeyed completely to the 450-volt level.

Accepted Answer

A group of psychiatrists predicted that less than one percent of the people would obey, but in reality, about 65 percent of the participants obeyed completely to the 450-volt level. Choice B matches both predicted and actual percentages correctly.

Question 12

_____ began a provocative series of experiments on _____ because he was puzzled why the Nazi soldiers, who had once been average citizens, helped slaughter more than six million people in concentration camps.

Accepted Answer

The experiments described are the ones conducted by Stanley Milgram on obedience. Milgram was interested in understanding why people obeyed authority figures, even if it meant hurting others. Asch's experiments focused on conformity, Elliot's on prejudice, and Festinger's on cognitive dissonance.

Question 13

When Milgram's study was rerun away from Yale University in a shabby office building in nearby Bridgeport, Connecticut, the number of participants who obeyed

Accepted Answer

The change in location from Yale University to a shabby office building in Bridgeport, Connecticut, resulted in a decrease in obedience to 48 percent, but this was considered only a minor reduction statistically, indicating that the location's prestige was not the sole factor influencing participants' willingness to obey.

Question 14

When the participants in Milgram's experiment received their orders over the phone, they

Accepted Answer

Milgram found that participants were less obedient when they received their orders over the phone instead of in person. This suggests that the physical presence of an authority figure has a stronger influence on obedience than remote commands.

Question 15

In a study in which loud conversations were staged behind theater patrons or people studying in a library,

Accepted Answer

The question states that "very few protested", meaning that most people did not say anything about the loud conversations.

Question 16

In Milgram's studies, which of the following circumstances listed resulted in the SMALLEST percentage of subjects obeying the orders of the authority?

Accepted Answer

When the teacher received orders by phone, the physical and psychological distance between the authority figure and the participant increased, leading to the smallest percentage of subjects obeying the orders. This condition made it easier for participants to resist authority as the immediacy and pressure of the authority figure were reduced.

Question 17

Which of the following was a significant factor in determining the degree of obedience in Milgram's series of experiments?

Accepted Answer

Milgram found that the physical proximity between the teacher and the experimenter (authority figure) had a significant impact on the degree of obedience. When the experimenter was in the same room as the teacher, obedience rates were higher than when the experimenter was in another room or gave instructions over the phone.

Question 18

Asch is to conformity as Milgram is to

Accepted Answer

Milgram's famous research focused on obedience, specifically how far individuals were willing to go in following orders from an authority figure. Therefore, the best choice is C, obedience.

Question 19

Moriarty's studies of passive compliance in natural settings indicate that

Accepted Answer

Moriarty's studies suggest that few people protest when their personal rights are violated, even if there is no direct threat to their safety. This indicates that passive compliance is prevalent in natural settings. Option A is incorrect because passive compliance can occur in situations where personal safety is not at risk. Option B is incorrect because Moriarty's research does not suggest that the majority of people object to even minor insults. Option C is incorrect because passive compliance is not limited to experimental settings.

Question 20

In an experiment done at an airport, a smoker intentionally sat or stood near nonsmokers with no-smoking signs clearly visible nearby._____ percent of the nonsmokers asked the smoker to stop smoking, indicating that many people exhibit _____.

Accepted Answer

The low percentage of nine percent indicates that most nonsmokers did not confront the smoker, showing passive compliance rather than assertiveness or aggressiveness.

Quiz 16: Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence