Although Modern Criminal Law Is Essentially Statutory,the Role of the Courts

Although modern criminal law is essentially statutory,the role of the courts is still required because

A) common law,or case law,is still used for the most frequently committed offenses,so judges must review each of these cases individually.
B) common law takes precedence over statutory law in many jurisdictions,and the two systems often compete.
C) criminal statutes often contain vague or general language that requires courts to interpret the statute's meaning when applied to a particular case.
D) criminal statutes do not include any sentencing guidelines,and therefore a judge is needed to provide the appropriate punishments.