Question 1

Discuss the early stages in the development of European labor union.

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Question 2

Foreign direct investment (FDI)by U.S.firms is positively related to _____.

Accepted Answer

Works councils, which are bodies representing workers, often facilitate communication and cooperation between employees and management. This can create a more stable and productive working environment, making a country more attractive for foreign direct investment (FDI) by U.S. firms. The other options (union density, centralized collective bargaining, and layoff restrictions) can be seen as increasing labor costs or reducing flexibility for firms, potentially making a location less attractive for FDI.

Question 3

Which of the following refers to mutual consensus on goals and processes in union-management involvement?

Accepted Answer

Codetermination refers to mutual consensus on goals and processes in union-management involvement. Advisory refers to giving advice or recommendations. Collective bargaining refers to negotiations between labor unions and employers to determine the conditions of employment. Impasse refers to a deadlock or stalemate in negotiations.

Question 4

Which of the following European countries has the most adversarial system and decentralized bargaining?

Accepted Answer

The United Kingdom has the most adversarial system and decentralized bargaining among the options listed. This is characterized by its labor relations, where negotiations and bargaining typically occur at the level of individual companies rather than being coordinated across sectors or industries, and there is a historical context of adversarial relationships between unions and employers.

Question 5

Briefly describe how works councils function in Germany.

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Question 6

Except for Great Britain,bargaining in most EU countries occurs at the _____ level,involving national unions or federations and employer associations.

Accepted Answer

In most EU countries, bargaining typically occurs at the industry level, involving national unions or federations and employer associations, which contrasts with practices in Great Britain where bargaining might occur at different levels.

Question 7

What is union density? Write a short note on trends in union density across European nations.

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Question 8

Which of the following refers to an approach implemented by Japanese unions in which the state pressures employers to improve wages to union workers in line with productivity and inflation increases?

Accepted Answer

Shunto is an approach implemented by Japanese unions in which the state pressures employers to improve wages to union workers in line with productivity and inflation increases. Kanban is a lean manufacturing tool, Kaizen refers to continuous improvement, and Guanxi is a Chinese term referring to personal relationships and networking.

Question 9

Different mechanisms have been developed to enhance union-management or worker-manager cooperation.What are the three primary levels of decision-making that these mechanisms can be involved with?

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Question 10

What are some of the general changes in industrial relations following from increased globalization?

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Question 11

Explain the effects of repressive and benign strategies on growth and unionization and mention the political regimes in which they are likely to be found.

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Question 12

Among the EU countries,only _____ allows unionists on boards of directors.

Accepted Answer

Germany has a system known as "Mitbestimmung" or co-determination, which allows workers, through their representatives (unionists), to participate in the management of the companies, including having seats on the boards of directors. This is a distinctive feature of the German corporate governance system.

Question 13

Adopting the Euro meant that EU members would see _____.

Accepted Answer

The adoption of the Euro meant that EU members would see dramatic reductions in transaction costs. This is because the Euro eliminates the need for currency exchange when conducting business across borders within the Eurozone.

Question 14

What is the role of works councils in German establishments?

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Question 15

Which of the following is true about worker cooperatives?

Accepted Answer

Worker cooperatives are businesses that are owned and controlled by employees, meaning that they are a type of cooperative where workers themselves own and run the business. This is the defining feature of worker cooperatives. Option A is incorrect, as worker cooperatives are actually more common in Europe than in the United States. Option C is also incorrect, as many studies have found that worker cooperatives can yield significant productivity gains due to increased worker motivation and engagement. Finally, option D is incorrect, as while some worker cooperatives may use technology-intensive production methods, this is not a defining characteristic of the model.

Question 16

Write a short note on the structure of labor movements in European countries.

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Question 17

Name and briefly describe the two basic approaches that developing economies may adopt to industrialize.

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Question 18

Bargaining is most centralized in _____.

Accepted Answer

France is known for having a centralized bargaining system, where negotiations often occur at the national or industry level, rather than at the individual company level.

Question 19

How does industry-level bargaining help enhance introduction of technological change? How does the British practice in this regard make it difficult to incorporate technological change?

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Question 20

Which of the following is true about ESOPs in Japan?

Accepted Answer

According to research, implementation of ESOPs in Japan increased productivity. Option A is not supported by any evidence, and options C and D are irrelevant to the topic of ESOPs in Japan.

Quiz 17: A Survey of Labor Relations in Market Economies