Question 1

One-year-old Ari loves to play with his stuffed animal that makes a noise when it is squeezed,and he often chews on the ears of the animal.This shows that Ari is engaging in _____ play.

Accepted Answer

Ari's behavior of squeezing and chewing on the stuffed animal's ears indicates that he is engaging in sensorimotor play. This type of play involves using one's senses and motor skills to explore objects and the environment. In this case, Ari is exploring the texture and sound of the toy through his actions. Pretense play involves pretending to be someone or something else, while social play involves interacting with others. Constructive play involves building or creating something, which is not evident in Ari's actions.

Question 2

Games in early childhood are characterized by their

Accepted Answer

Games in early childhood often involve reciprocity and turn-taking, as young children learn to interact with others and take turns. This is a key developmental milestone and sets the foundation for further socialization and the ability to play games with rules as children grow older. While young children may also engage in solitary play and sensorimotor play, these are not defining characteristics of games in early childhood.

Question 3

The amount of time devoted to playing both at home and school has _____ over the last several years.

Accepted Answer

The sentence implies that there has been a change in the amount of time devoted to playing at home and school over the last several years. The only option that aligns with this change is "decreased."

Question 4

New research on the role of play in children's development has identified a link between play and

Accepted Answer

The research identifies a link between play and language and communication skills.

Question 5

Research based in the United States and most Western cultures has shown that parents who have a higher socioeconomic status

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parents with higher socioeconomic status tend to engage in more conversational and less directive styles of communication with their children. They also tend to use reasoning and negotiation to establish rules and boundaries, rather than imposing them unilaterally. They are more likely to provide their children with opportunities for exploration and autonomy, and to encourage their children to participate in decision-making processes within the family. This is often contrasted with the more authoritarian parenting styles that are sometimes associated with lower socioeconomic status.

Question 6

Which of the following statements reflects the views of Freud and Erikson regarding play?

Accepted Answer

Both Freud and Erikson believed that play helps children to express and work through their anxieties and conflicts. Freud focused on the idea of play as a form of "pretend work" that allows children to play out their inner struggles in a safe and controlled way. Erikson emphasized the importance of play in helping children to develop a sense of mastery and competence, particularly in the early years of life.

Question 7

Research conducted to study the effects of working parents on children consistently shows that children of working mothers are

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that children of working mothers are more likely to have egalitarian views and engage in less gender stereotyping. They also tend to have improved cognitive development and higher academic achievement. There is no evidence to suggest that they are more likely to have significant adjustment problems, academic problems, internalized problems such as anxiety and depression, associate with antisocial peers or have low self-esteem.

Question 8

_____ play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution.

Accepted Answer

Constructive play involves children actively creating something and using problem-solving skills to come up with a solution. This can include building blocks, drawing pictures, or using other materials to create a product or design. Self-regulation is also a key component of constructive play, as children determine what they want to make and how they want to make it.

Question 9

An important function of the peer group is to

Accepted Answer

One of the most important functions of the peer group is to provide a source of information about the world outside the family. Children learn from their peers about social norms, cultural values, and societal expectations, which can broaden their understanding and help them navigate the world beyond their immediate family. While peer groups can also have an impact on the consequences of parenting styles and can provide social support in cases of child maltreatment or neglect, these are not the primary functions of the peer group. Surrogate parenting is not a typical function of the peer group.

Question 10

Research has shown that the only child is likely to be high on the trait of

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that only children tend to be high on the trait of achievement orientation, as they often receive a lot of attention and resources from their parents and may have higher expectations placed on them to succeed. This can lead to an emphasis on performance and accomplishment in their lives. Dependency, self-centered behavior, and impulsivity are not necessarily characteristic traits of only children.

Question 11

Play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports is defined as _____ play.

Accepted Answer

The definition given specifically mentions repetition of behavior for learning new skills or mastering coordination, which aligns with the concept of practice play. Pretense play involves imaginative or make-believe scenarios, constructive play involves building or creating with materials, and symbolic play involves using one object to represent another.

Question 12

Which of the following theorists considered the symbolic and make-believe aspects of play to be crucial for the development of creative thought?

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky emphasized the importance of symbolic play in the development of creative thinking. He believed that make-believe play allows children to experiment with different roles and scenarios, which in turn helps them develop problem-solving skills and imaginative thinking.

Question 13

Ethnic minority parents,in attempts to help their children both adopt to the U.S.culture and retain their own cultural identity,emphasize all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The importance of prejudice is not likely to be emphasized by ethnic minority parents, as it is not a desirable trait. The other options (A, B, and C) are commonly emphasized in attempts to help children balance their cultural identity and adaptation to the US culture.

Question 14

Ben has just learned to open and close doors on his own.He is delighted with his new acheivement and keeps opening and closing doors continuously.The type of play Ben is engaging in here is known as _____ play.

Accepted Answer

Ben is engaging in practice play, as he is repeatedly opening and closing doors to master this new skill.

Question 15

When a child transforms an aspect of the physical environment into a symbol,he or she is engaging in _____ play.

Accepted Answer

Pretense play, otherwise known as pretend play or imaginative play, is characterized by children using objects or elements of their environment as symbols for something else. For example, a child might use a stick as a wand during a game of make-believe.

Question 16

The term "screen time" includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Blackboards are not considered a form of screen time as they do not involve the use of electronic devices.

Question 17

According to research on gay and lesbian parenting,children raised in adoptive gay father families were

Accepted Answer

Research has found that children raised in adoptive gay father families were actually less likely to exhibit externalizing behavior problems compared to children raised by heterosexual couples. Studies have also found no significant difference in the sexual orientation of the children raised in gay or lesbian households compared to those raised in heterosexual households. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that children raised in gay or lesbian households are less accepted by their peers.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to television viewing in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that television programs can have a positive influence on early childhood development by modeling prosocial behavior, reducing aggression, fostering achievement, and encouraging creativity. While television can also have negative effects, it is not entirely without value. Options A, B, and D are all incorrect. Television is a highly influential form of mass media for young children in the United States, research shows that exposure to violent television programs can increase aggression in children, and studies have found that children in the United States watch more television than children in many other developed countries.

Question 19

Will,Lillian's father came home from work one day to find his study table transformed into a "hut." Lillian had pulled out old sheets to cover the table.She excitedly took Will to see her "hut" below the table where she had arranged all her toys and books.Lillian is engaging in _____ play in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

Lillian is engaging in pretense play by using her imagination to turn the study table into a hut and creating a make-believe environment underneath it.

Question 20

Research based in the United States and most Western cultures has shown that parents who have a lower socioeconomic status are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research based in the United States and...

Quiz 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood