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Define the GLS Estimator and Discuss Its Properties When Ω x1i2x _ { 1 i } ^ { 2 }

Question 27

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Define the GLS estimator and discuss its properties when Ω is known. Why is this estimator sometimes called infeasible GLS? What happens when Ω is unknown? What would the Ω matrix look like for the case of independent sampling with heteroskedastic errors, where var(ui | Xi)= ch(Xi)= σ2
x1i2x _ { 1 i } ^ { 2 } ? Since the inverse of the error variance-covariance matrix is needed to compute the GLS estimator, find Ω-1. The textbook shows that the original model Y = Xβ + U will be transformed into Y~=X~β+U~, where Y~=FY,X~=FX, and U~\widetilde { Y } = \widetilde { X } \beta + \widetilde { U } , \text { where } \widetilde { Y } = F Y , \widetilde { X } = F X \text {, and } \widetilde { U } = FU, and FF F = Ω-1. Find F in the above case, and describe what effect the transformation has on the original data.

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