Question 1

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb^sHb^s)is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (Hb^AHb^B).Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the Hb^sallele?

Accepted Answer

E

Question 2

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb^sHb^s)is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (Hb^AHb^A).Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the carrier state (Hb^AHb^s)?

Accepted Answer

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the carrier state can be calculated using the equation:

2pq = frequency of heterozygotes

where p is the frequency of the HbS allele and q is the frequency of the HbA allele.

To obtain p, we can use the frequency of sickle cell anemia (0.0016) and assume that q is equal to the complement of p (i.e., q = 1 - p):

0.0016 = p^2
p = sqrt(0.0016) = 0.04
q = 1 - p = 0.96

Now we can calculate the frequency of carriers:

2pq = 2 x 0.04 x 0.96 = 0.0768

Therefore, the frequency of carriers is 0.0768 or 7.68%.

The best choice is C.

Question 3

Which of the following is a force that could upset the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

All of the given options can disrupt the genetic equilibrium of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence, which could introduce new alleles or modify the frequency of the existing alleles. 
Migration (gene flow) involves the movement of individuals between populations, which could introduce or remove alleles from the gene pool of a population. 
Natural selection acts on the phenotypes of individuals and may favor certain alleles over others, leading to changes in allele frequencies over time. 
Genetic drift refers to random fluctuations in allele frequencies that are more likely to occur in small populations and could cause certain alleles to become overrepresented or underrepresented in a population over time.

Question 4

In a sample of 400 men,48 have X-linked color blindness and all the others have normal color vision.If men are hemizygous for the allele,what is the frequency for the X-linked color blindness allele?

Accepted Answer

Since men have only one X chromosome, they can only have one copy of the X-linked color blindness allele, making them hemizygous. Therefore, the frequency of the X-linked color blindness allele can be calculated by dividing the number of men with the allele by the total number of X chromosomes in the sample (2 X chromosomes for each male).

Number of X-linked color blind men = 48
Total number of X chromosomes in the sample = 400 x 2 = 800

Frequency of the X-linked color blindness allele = 48/800 = 0.06

However, since the question is asking for the frequency of the allele (not the frequency of the trait), we need to double this result to account for the fact that each carrier female in the population will have one copy of the allele.

Frequency of the X-linked color blindness allele = 0.06 x 2 = 0.12

Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 5

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women)48 men have X-linked color blindness (X^c)and all the others have normal color vision (X^c).What is the frequency of women who are carriers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a sample of 600 individuals (400...

Question 6

Which of the following is a key assumption underlying the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
1)The members of the population mate at random with respect to the gene under study.
2)The members of the population are artificially selected with respect to the gene under study.
3)The members of the population must live on an island.

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg principle assumes that the members of a population mate at random with respect to the gene under study, which means that the chance of any given individual mating with another individual should be equal regardless of their genotype. This assumption allows for the calculation of expected allele and genotype frequencies in a population. The other options (B and C) are not assumptions underlying the principle.

Question 7

The A-B-O blood types are determined by three alleles I^A,I^B,and i.In one population the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for type A blood is 0.063,the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for type B blood is 0.015,and the frequency of individuals who are blood type O is 0.44.What is the frequency of individuals are blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The A-B-O blood types are determined by...

Question 8

Which of the following can be calculated using a major population genetics theory?
1)The frequency of homozygous dominant and recessive individuals
2)The frequency of heterozygous individual
3)The frequency of a dominant allele

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg principle, a major population genetics theory, allows for the calculation of the frequency of homozygous dominant and recessive individuals, the frequency of heterozygous individuals, and the frequency of a dominant allele in a population, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 9

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb?Hb?)is approximately 0.0016.Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the Hb? allele?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of sickle cell anemia (Hb?Hb?) is given as 0.0016, which represents q^2 in the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1). To find the frequency of the Hb? allele (q), we take the square root of q^2: sqrt(0.0016) = 0.04.

Question 10

There are 300 individuals in sample group #1 taken from population X.Seventy-five individuals of sample group are homozygous for the trait in question (I?I?).Seventy five individuals are homozygous for the trait (I?I?).Everyone else is heterozygous (I?I?)for the trait.What is the frequency of allele A in the sample group,assuming the trait is controlled by a single gene?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of allele A can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation:

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

where p is the frequency of allele A and q is the frequency of allele a.

From the information given, we know that:
- 75 individuals are homozygous for the A allele (II)
- 75 individuals are homozygous for the a allele (ii)
- Everyone else is heterozygous (Ii)

So, we can set up the equation:

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
(75/300)^2 + 2(p)(0.5)(225/300) + (0.5)^2 = 1

Simplifying:

0.0625 + 0.75p + 0.25 = 1
0.75p = 0.6875
p = 0.5

Therefore, the frequency of allele A in the sample group is 0.5, or choice C.

Question 11

There are 300 individuals in sample group #1 taken from population X.How many total alleles for the trait in question are present in the sample group,assuming the trait is controlled by a single codominant gene?

Accepted Answer

Since the trait is controlled by a single codominant gene, each individual in the sample group would have two alleles for the trait. Therefore, the total number of alleles in the sample group would be 2 x 300 = 600.

Question 12

In a population,whenever the second most frequent allele of a gene has a frequency greater than 0.01,we refer to the situation as a

Accepted Answer

Genetic polymorphism refers to the presence of two or more alleles at a given locus with a frequency greater than 1% in a population. Therefore, whenever the second most frequent allele of a gene has a frequency greater than 0.01, we refer to the situation as a genetic polymorphism. The other choices (B, C, D) are not accurate because they refer to situations that may or may not have anything to do with allele frequencies in the population.

Question 13

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women)48 men have X-linked color blindness (X^c)and all the others have normal color vision (X^c).What is the frequency of women who are colorblind?

Accepted Answer

Since X-linked color blindness is a recessive trait, only men who inherited the mutated gene from their mothers will be affected. That means the frequency of X-linked color blindness in women can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation:

q^2 + 2pq + p^2 = 1

where p is the frequency of the normal allele (XS1) and q is the frequency of the mutant allele (XcS1). Since all men with color blindness have the genotype XcS1Y, the frequency of the mutant allele in the population can be calculated as:

q = (48 colorblind men * 2 mutant alleles per person) / (400 men * 2 alleles per person + 200 women * 2 alleles per person)
q = 0.06

Then, solving for the frequency of colorblind women:

q^2 = (0.06)^2 = 0.0036
Answer: D) 0.02

Therefore, approximately 0.02 or 2% of women are colorblind in this population.

Question 14

In a sample of 500 men,240 have X-linked hemophilia and all the others have normal blood clotting.If men are hemizygous for the allele,what is the frequency for the X-linked hemophilia allele?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a sample of 500 men,240 have...

Question 15

There are 300 individuals in sample group #1 taken from population X.Seventy-five individuals of sample group are homozygous for the trait in question (I^AI^A).Seventy five individuals are homozygous for the trait (I^BI^B).Everyone else is heterozygous (I^AI^B)for the trait.What is the frequency of allele B in the sample group,assuming the trait is controlled by a single gene?

Accepted Answer

There are 150 homozygous individuals in the sample group: 75 individuals with genotype I^AI^A and 75 individuals with genotype I^BI^B. Each of these individuals has two copies of the gene, so there are 300 total gene copies in the sample group. Of these 300 gene copies, 75 carry the B allele and 225 carry the A allele (because all the heterozygous individuals carry an A allele and all the homozygous individuals either carry two A alleles or two B alleles). The frequency of the B allele in the sample group is therefore 75/300 = 0.5.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding determining the number of alleles in a population sample? 1.It may be impossible to count the number of alleles if one allele is dominant.
2)When counting X-linked alleles it is only important to count the different alleles in males.
3)Codominant alleles can always be counted because they produce unique phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

Codominant alleles can indeed be counted accurately because they produce distinguishable phenotypes, allowing for the identification of different alleles within a population.

Question 17

What is explained by a major population genetics theory?
1)The number of individuals in a population
2)The allelic frequencies within a population
3)The number of individuals outside a population

Accepted Answer

A major population genetics theory explains the allelic frequencies within a population, specifically how and why they change over time through genetic drift, natural selection, mutation, and migration. It does not directly address the number of individuals in a population or the number of individuals outside a population.

Question 18

Which of the following individuals described a mathematical relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies?

Accepted Answer

G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg jointly described the mathematical relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies, now known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Edward East was a geneticist who worked on plant breeding and did not contribute to developing the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 19

Which of the following allows one to predict a population's genotype frequencies from its allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg principle allows one to predict a population's genotype frequencies from its allele frequencies.

Question 20

Which of the following accurately describes the Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequency expression?

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg equation is expressed as: p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p is the frequency of one allele and q is the frequency of the other allele in a population. The expression represents the expected genotype frequencies in a population that is not evolving. Therefore, the correct answer is C, which is equivalent to the Hardy-Weinberg equation and represents the frequencies of homozygous dominant (p²), heterozygous (2pq), and homozygous recessive (q²) genotypes in a population.

Quiz 23: Population Genetics

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb^sHb^s) is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (Hb^AHb^B) .Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the Hb^sallele?

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb^sHb^s) is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (Hb^AHb^A) .Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the carrier state (Hb^AHb^s) ?

Which of the following is a force that could upset the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

In a sample of 400 men,48 have X-linked color blindness and all the others have normal color vision.If men are hemizygous for the allele,what is the frequency for the X-linked color blindness allele?

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women) 48 men have X-linked color blindness (X^c) and all the others have normal color vision (X^c) .What is the frequency of women who are carriers?

Which of the following can be calculated using a major population genetics theory? 1) The frequency of homozygous dominant and recessive individuals 2) The frequency of heterozygous individual 3) The frequency of a dominant allele

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb?Hb?) is approximately 0.0016.Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the Hb? allele?

There are 300 individuals in sample group #1 taken from population X.How many total alleles for the trait in question are present in the sample group,assuming the trait is controlled by a single codominant gene?

In a population,whenever the second most frequent allele of a gene has a frequency greater than 0.01,we refer to the situation as a

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women) 48 men have X-linked color blindness (X^c) and all the others have normal color vision (X^c) .What is the frequency of women who are colorblind?

In a sample of 500 men,240 have X-linked hemophilia and all the others have normal blood clotting.If men are hemizygous for the allele,what is the frequency for the X-linked hemophilia allele?

What is explained by a major population genetics theory? 1) The number of individuals in a population 2) The allelic frequencies within a population 3) The number of individuals outside a population

Which of the following individuals described a mathematical relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies?

Which of the following allows one to predict a population's genotype frequencies from its allele frequencies?

Which of the following accurately describes the Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequency expression?

Quiz 23: Population Genetics

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (HbsHbs) is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (HbAHbB) .Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the Hbs allele?

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (HbsHbs) is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (HbAHbA) .Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the carrier state (HbAHbs) ?

Which of the following is a force that could upset the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

In a sample of 400 men,48 have X-linked color blindness and all the others have normal color vision.If men are hemizygous for the allele,what is the frequency for the X-linked color blindness allele?

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women) 48 men have X-linked color blindness (Xc) and all the others have normal color vision (Xc) .What is the frequency of women who are carriers?

Which of the following can be calculated using a major population genetics theory? 1) The frequency of homozygous dominant and recessive individuals 2) The frequency of heterozygous individual 3) The frequency of a dominant allele

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb?Hb?) is approximately 0.0016.Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the Hb? allele?

There are 300 individuals in sample group #1 taken from population X.How many total alleles for the trait in question are present in the sample group,assuming the trait is controlled by a single codominant gene?

In a population,whenever the second most frequent allele of a gene has a frequency greater than 0.01,we refer to the situation as a

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women) 48 men have X-linked color blindness (Xc) and all the others have normal color vision (Xc) .What is the frequency of women who are colorblind?

In a sample of 500 men,240 have X-linked hemophilia and all the others have normal blood clotting.If men are hemizygous for the allele,what is the frequency for the X-linked hemophilia allele?

What is explained by a major population genetics theory? 1) The number of individuals in a population 2) The allelic frequencies within a population 3) The number of individuals outside a population

Which of the following individuals described a mathematical relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies?

Which of the following allows one to predict a population's genotype frequencies from its allele frequencies?

Which of the following accurately describes the Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequency expression?

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb^sHb^s) is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (Hb^AHb^B) .Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the Hb^sallele?

The frequency of sickle cell anemia,caused by a homozygous condition (Hb^sHb^s) is approximately 0.0016.The normal condition is also a homozygous condition (Hb^AHb^A) .Assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium applies,what is the frequency of the carrier state (Hb^AHb^s) ?

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women) 48 men have X-linked color blindness (X^c) and all the others have normal color vision (X^c) .What is the frequency of women who are carriers?

In a sample of 600 individuals (400 men and 200 women) 48 men have X-linked color blindness (X^c) and all the others have normal color vision (X^c) .What is the frequency of women who are colorblind?