Question 1

Describe Dollard and Miller's concept of habits and the four elements of learning that govern these habits.

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Question 2

The pattern of behaviors that are regarded as "male" or "female" by one's culture is referred to as a(n)
__________.

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Question 3

According to studies of the influence of heredity and environment on personality traits,heredity appears to be responsible for less than ten percent of the variation in most personality traits.

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Question 4

In planning to get your nursing degree,if you truly believe that you will be able to make the sacrifices and study the long hours,then Albert Bandura would say that you have a high degree of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy is centered on one's belief in their own ability to achieve a certain goal or perform a certain task. In this scenario, if the individual believes they can make the necessary sacrifices and put in the long hours of study required to obtain a nursing degree, then they have a high degree of self-efficacy.

Question 5

According to social learning theory,a child's feeling of being emotionally connected to another person is referred to
as __________.

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Question 6

According to one study that compared twins with unrelated pairs of students,the unrelated pairs,who were the same age and sex,were almost as alike as the twins.

Accepted Answer

The study found that the unrelated pairs of students were almost as alike as the twins, indicating that genetics may not be the only factor influencing personality and behavior.

Question 7

Many of the seemingly "astounding" coincidences shared by reunited twins may occur because twins tend to notice similarities and ignore the differences,which illustrates the tendency called the _______.

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Question 8

Although Joan would be described as very extroverted,she will be more extroverted at a party than when she is attending church.This observation supports the concept of _______ interaction.

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Question 9

Personality starts to stabilize at around age three and continues to "harden" well past age 50.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that personality traits begin to stabilize around age three and continue to become more ingrained and resistant to change as individuals age. While some changes in personality can occur throughout life, particularly in response to major life events, the general pattern is one of stability and consistency over time.

Question 10

Sudden murderers tend to be overcontrolled,kill in frenzied attacks,and often have amnesia after the incident.

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Question 11

According to Miller and Dollard,permissiveness for sexual and aggressive behavior in childhood is linked to adult needs for power.

Accepted Answer

According to Miller and Dollard's social learning theory, if children are allowed to engage in sexually and aggressively permissive behavior without consequences, they may learn that such behavior leads to power and control over others. This can lead to the development of adult needs for power and dominance in relationships.

Question 12

Dollard and Miller stated that during childhood (1)feeding, (2)toilet or cleanliness training, (3)sex training,and (4)learning to express anger or aggression are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on a person and are referred to as
__________.

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Question 13

According to Dollard and Miller,a passive or active orientation toward the world may develop as a result of a
child's toilet training experiences.

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Question 14

The "cognitive behaviorism" of social learning theory can be illustrated by three concepts proposed by Julian Rotter, which are the psychological situation,expectancy,and _______.

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Question 15

The hereditary aspects of one's emotional nature,including sensitivity,prevailing mood,and distractibility,are referred to as one's __________.

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Question 16

Higher rates of self-reinforcement are associated with more depression and a lessening of life satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Higher rates of self-reinforcement are generally associated with better psychological well-being, including lower levels of depression and higher life satisfaction. Self-reinforcement, which involves rewarding oneself for meeting goals or maintaining positive behaviors, can enhance motivation and emotional well-being.

Question 17

Regarding imitation,boys are more likely to observe adults and other children acting aggressively than girls are.

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Question 18

The study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies is called _______.

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Question 19

According to behavioral personality theorists,the external conditions that strongly influence behavior are known as _______ determinants.

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Question 20

According to Dollard and Miller,drive,cue,response,and reward are the four elements of learning that govern our learned behavior patterns known as _______.

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Quiz 53: Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories