The landmark case that established the importance of disparate impact as a legal foundation of EEO law is

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Griggs v. Duke Power established the legal foundation of disparate impact theory in EEO law. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that Duke Power's requirements for certain jobs, such as a high school diploma and passing of an intelligence test, had disparate impact on African American employees and potential job applicants, and were not job related. This decision became a landmark case in the fight against employment discrimination, as it established that unintentional discrimination could also be illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The Landmark Case That Established the Importance of Disparate Impact