Question 1

Explain why disaccharides are more common in nature than monosaccharides.

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Question 2

Draw the mechanism for bisphosphoglycerate mutase and explain how this reaction has an effect on oxygen transport.

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Question 3

Demonstrate the cyclization of linear glucose to cyclic glucopyranose.

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Question 4

Benedict's test is a redox reaction between glucose and copper.Draw the reaction between glucose and copper.

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Question 5

Using the figure below,discuss how ATP,ADP,AMP,and fructose-2,6-BP are an allosteric regulator of phosphofructokinase-1.

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Question 6

Illustrate how glyceraldehyde-3-P is converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase using the appropriate mechanisms.

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Question 7

List the 10 enzymes required for glycolysis.

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Question 8

Describe how the glycolytic pathway provides aerobic energy to the citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

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Question 9

Differentiate among epimers,anomers,and isomers.

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Question 10

Describe galactose metabolism.If a person has galactosemia,what does that indicate about his or her galactose metabolic pathway?

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Question 11

Why do individuals with defects in glycolytic enzymes have altered oxygen transport capabilities?

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Question 12

NAD⁺ is required for the oxidative step of glycolysis.Briefly discuss how NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

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Question 13

Three reactions in glycolysis operate far from equilibrium and are potential sites for major flux control.List the three enzymes and explain why each enzyme is or is not the major control site of glycolysis.

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Question 14

List three common disaccharides in nature and draw the structures of each.

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Question 15

Draw the five steps required by aldolase to convert fructose 1,6-bisphosate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

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Question 16

Distinguish between the energy investment of stage 1 and stage 2 of glycolysis.

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Question 17

Describe how molecules such as maltose can enter glycolysis.

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Question 18

Explain why in the production of beer,the yeast are first grown under aerobic conditions and then shifted to anaerobic conditions.

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Question 19

Explain why people who have the genetic disease lactate dehydrogenase deficiency cannot maintain intense exercise.

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Question 20

In your own words explain why glycolysis is considered one of the core metabolic pathways in nature.

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Quiz 9: Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation