The model of ethnicity in which boundary markers such as language, clothing, or other traits are not based on deeply-rooted, enduring connections to an ethnic identity is called the:

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The circumstantialist model argues that ethnic boundaries are not based on inherent, essential characteristics, but rather on situational, circumstantial factors such as political or economic interests. This is in contrast to the primordialist model, which emphasizes the deep-rooted, enduring nature of ethnic identity, and the ethnogenesis model, which sees ethnicity as a dynamic process of group formation and differentiation. The biological assimilation model is focused on the biological blending of different ethnic groups, and is not relevant to this question.

The Model of Ethnicity in Which Boundary Markers Such as Language