Question 1

Refer to the figure showing how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood.  In this capillary in the lung, the enzyme labeled A is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing how carbon...

Question 2

In August of 2010, during an unusually hot spell, hundreds of thousands of dead fish washed ashore in the Delaware Bay.A likely cause of the fish kill was

Accepted Answer

During hot spells, the water temperature can rise, leading to a decrease in dissolved oxygen content in the water. This can cause a phenomenon known as hypoxia, where oxygen levels become too low to support marine life, leading to fish kills. Therefore, the most likely cause of the fish kill in the Delaware Bay was low oxygen content in the water.

Question 3

Refer to the figure showing models of concurrent and countercurrent gas exchange.  If you did an experiment in which you measured the oxygen saturation of the blood and water going through a gill in goldfish, your results would look most like panel _______, because _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing models of...

Question 4

When you breathe in as much as possible, adding the inspirational reserve volume to your lungs, your lungs are filling with air in part because

Accepted Answer

The interpleural pressure becomes more negative compared to atmospheric pressure when you inhale deeply, which causes the lungs to expand as air rushes in to balance the pressure difference. This negative pressure is essential for the mechanics of breathing, facilitating the expansion of the lungs.

Question 5

When your diaphragm relaxes and your thoracic cavity contracts, you are _______, and the pressure in your alveoli is _______ the atmospheric pressure.

Accepted Answer

When your diaphragm relaxes and your thoracic cavity contracts, you are exhaling. This process increases the pressure in your alveoli, making it become positive compared to the atmospheric pressure, pushing air out of the lungs.

Question 6

Refer to the graph.  If you are an athlete training at high altitudes, the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin will shift such that the new curve will look like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.This occurs because the level of 2,3-BPG in your RBCs has increased.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph.  If you...

Question 7

Refer to the figure showing three aquatic species.  Which organism(s) is/are adapted for maximizing respiratory gas exchange by having a small path length (the variable L in Fick's law) for diffusion of respiratory gases?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing three aquatic...

Question 8

The barometric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg.Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg.The partial pressure of O₂ in Antonito's air is therefore approximately _______ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen in air is approximately 21% (0.21) of the total atmospheric pressure. Therefore, in Antonito, the partial pressure of oxygen would be (0.21) x 600 mm Hg = 126 mm Hg.

Question 9

A woman gives birth to a baby that is five weeks premature.The baby has trouble breathing on its own so the physicians put the baby on a respirator.The most likely reason for the baby's breathing problems is

Accepted Answer

Premature babies often do not produce enough surfactant, a substance that helps reduce surface tension in the lungs and keep the alveoli from collapsing. This can result in difficulty breathing and the need for a respirator.

Question 10

Refer to the graph. When you are exercising hard, you are producing more CO₂ in your muscles than you are when resting.This causes a shift in the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin, with the new curve looking like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph.  When you...

Question 11

Oxygen exchange in water is limited by _______ diffusion rate and _______ oxygen content, especially in _______ water temperatures.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen exchange in water is limited by a low diffusion rate and low oxygen content, especially in higher water temperatures, because warmer water holds less oxygen and gases diffuse more slowly in liquid than in air.

Question 12

Refer to the graph showing pressures during breathing in humans.  Under normal circumstances, the pressure in your pleural cavity is negative relative to atmospheric pressure during inhalation, and _______ relative to atmospheric pressure during exhalation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph showing pressures during...

Question 13

The Everest Base Camp in Nepal is about 5,400 meters above sea level, where the atmospheric pressure is about half of what it is at sea level.If not accustomed to this altitude a person can feel tired and experience shortness of breath upon exertion because

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen decreases with altitude, which means there is less oxygen available for the body to use, leading to symptoms like tiredness and shortness of breath. The percentage of oxygen in the air remains roughly the same at different altitudes, but the overall atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes, thus reducing the partial pressure of oxygen.

Question 14

In using a flowmeter to measure the volume of air in your lungs you determine that your vital capacity is 5 liters, your expiratory reserve is 1 liter, and your inspiratory reserve is 2.5 liters.This means that your total lung capacity is

Accepted Answer

Total lung capacity is the sum of vital capacity and residual volume. Given the vital capacity is 5 liters and assuming the residual volume is about 1 liter (which is a common estimate for residual volume), the total lung capacity would be close to 6 liters.

Question 15

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO₂ increases a person's ventilation rate more than a(n) _______ in arterial partial pressure of O₂.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates...

Question 16

In the human gas exchange system,

Accepted Answer

The average partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) inside the lungs is lower than that in the air outside the lungs, while the average partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO₂) inside the lungs is higher. This gradient allows for gas exchange to occur between the alveoli and the capillaries.

Question 17

In birds, the _______ expand during inhalation, and allow air into the lungs.

Accepted Answer

Birds have nine air sacs connected to their lungs, which allow for unidirectional airflow. The posterior air sacs expand during inhalation, pulling in fresh air through the trachea and into the lungs.

Question 18

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, it would take a drop in arterial PO₂ from 100 mm Hg to about _______ mm Hg to bring about the same change in ventilation rate as an increase in arterial PCO₂ from 40 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates...

Question 19

Christopher Reeve, the actor best known for his role in superman, was in a riding accident that seriously injured his _______, which left him unable to breathe on his own and required him to be on a ventilator for the rest of his life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Christopher Reeve, the actor best known for...

Question 20

Respiratory gases are exchanged between the body fluids of an animal and its environment by

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange occurs by the diffusion of respiratory gases across a respiratory surface, such as the lungs or gills. This process does not require energy and is therefore considered passive transport.

Quiz 48: Gas Exchange

Refer to the figure showing how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. In this capillary in the lung, the enzyme labeled A is _______.

In August of 2010, during an unusually hot spell, hundreds of thousands of dead fish washed ashore in the Delaware Bay.A likely cause of the fish kill was

Refer to the figure showing models of concurrent and countercurrent gas exchange. If you did an experiment in which you measured the oxygen saturation of the blood and water going through a gill in goldfish, your results would look most like panel _, because _.

When you breathe in as much as possible, adding the inspirational reserve volume to your lungs, your lungs are filling with air in part because

When your diaphragm relaxes and your thoracic cavity contracts, you are _, and the pressure in your alveoli is _ the atmospheric pressure.

Refer to the graph. If you are an athlete training at high altitudes, the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin will shift such that the new curve will look like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.This occurs because the level of 2,3-BPG in your RBCs has increased.

Refer to the figure showing three aquatic species. Which organism(s) is/are adapted for maximizing respiratory gas exchange by having a small path length (the variable L in Fick's law) for diffusion of respiratory gases?

The barometric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg.Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg.The partial pressure of O₂ in Antonito's air is therefore approximately _______ mm Hg.

A woman gives birth to a baby that is five weeks premature.The baby has trouble breathing on its own so the physicians put the baby on a respirator.The most likely reason for the baby's breathing problems is

Refer to the graph. When you are exercising hard, you are producing more CO₂ in your muscles than you are when resting.This causes a shift in the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin, with the new curve looking like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.

Oxygen exchange in water is limited by ___ diffusion rate and _ oxygen content, especially in _____ water temperatures.

Refer to the graph showing pressures during breathing in humans. Under normal circumstances, the pressure in your pleural cavity is negative relative to atmospheric pressure during inhalation, and _______ relative to atmospheric pressure during exhalation.

The Everest Base Camp in Nepal is about 5,400 meters above sea level, where the atmospheric pressure is about half of what it is at sea level.If not accustomed to this altitude a person can feel tired and experience shortness of breath upon exertion because

In using a flowmeter to measure the volume of air in your lungs you determine that your vital capacity is 5 liters, your expiratory reserve is 1 liter, and your inspiratory reserve is 2.5 liters.This means that your total lung capacity is

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO₂ increases a person's ventilation rate more than a(n) _______ in arterial partial pressure of O₂.

In the human gas exchange system,

In birds, the _______ expand during inhalation, and allow air into the lungs.

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, it would take a drop in arterial PO₂ from 100 mm Hg to about _______ mm Hg to bring about the same change in ventilation rate as an increase in arterial PCO₂ from 40 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg.

Christopher Reeve, the actor best known for his role in superman, was in a riding accident that seriously injured his _______, which left him unable to breathe on his own and required him to be on a ventilator for the rest of his life.

Respiratory gases are exchanged between the body fluids of an animal and its environment by

Quiz 48: Gas Exchange

Refer to the figure showing how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. In this capillary in the lung, the enzyme labeled A is _______.

In August of 2010, during an unusually hot spell, hundreds of thousands of dead fish washed ashore in the Delaware Bay.A likely cause of the fish kill was

Refer to the figure showing models of concurrent and countercurrent gas exchange. If you did an experiment in which you measured the oxygen saturation of the blood and water going through a gill in goldfish, your results would look most like panel _______, because _______.

When you breathe in as much as possible, adding the inspirational reserve volume to your lungs, your lungs are filling with air in part because

When your diaphragm relaxes and your thoracic cavity contracts, you are _______, and the pressure in your alveoli is _______ the atmospheric pressure.

Refer to the graph. If you are an athlete training at high altitudes, the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin will shift such that the new curve will look like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.This occurs because the level of 2,3-BPG in your RBCs has increased.

Refer to the figure showing three aquatic species. Which organism(s) is/are adapted for maximizing respiratory gas exchange by having a small path length (the variable L in Fick's law) for diffusion of respiratory gases?

The barometric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg.Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg.The partial pressure of O2 in Antonito's air is therefore approximately _______ mm Hg.

A woman gives birth to a baby that is five weeks premature.The baby has trouble breathing on its own so the physicians put the baby on a respirator.The most likely reason for the baby's breathing problems is

Refer to the graph. When you are exercising hard, you are producing more CO2 in your muscles than you are when resting.This causes a shift in the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin, with the new curve looking like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.

Oxygen exchange in water is limited by _______ diffusion rate and _______ oxygen content, especially in _______ water temperatures.

Refer to the graph showing pressures during breathing in humans. Under normal circumstances, the pressure in your pleural cavity is negative relative to atmospheric pressure during inhalation, and _______ relative to atmospheric pressure during exhalation.

The Everest Base Camp in Nepal is about 5,400 meters above sea level, where the atmospheric pressure is about half of what it is at sea level.If not accustomed to this altitude a person can feel tired and experience shortness of breath upon exertion because

In using a flowmeter to measure the volume of air in your lungs you determine that your vital capacity is 5 liters, your expiratory reserve is 1 liter, and your inspiratory reserve is 2.5 liters.This means that your total lung capacity is

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO2 increases a person's ventilation rate more than a(n) _______ in arterial partial pressure of O2.

In the human gas exchange system,

In birds, the _______ expand during inhalation, and allow air into the lungs.

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, it would take a drop in arterial PO2 from 100 mm Hg to about _______ mm Hg to bring about the same change in ventilation rate as an increase in arterial PCO2 from 40 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg.

Christopher Reeve, the actor best known for his role in superman, was in a riding accident that seriously injured his _______, which left him unable to breathe on his own and required him to be on a ventilator for the rest of his life.

Respiratory gases are exchanged between the body fluids of an animal and its environment by

Refer to the figure showing models of concurrent and countercurrent gas exchange. If you did an experiment in which you measured the oxygen saturation of the blood and water going through a gill in goldfish, your results would look most like panel _, because _.

When your diaphragm relaxes and your thoracic cavity contracts, you are _, and the pressure in your alveoli is _ the atmospheric pressure.

The barometric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg.Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg.The partial pressure of O₂ in Antonito's air is therefore approximately _______ mm Hg.

Refer to the graph. When you are exercising hard, you are producing more CO₂ in your muscles than you are when resting.This causes a shift in the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin, with the new curve looking like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.

Oxygen exchange in water is limited by ___ diffusion rate and _ oxygen content, especially in _____ water temperatures.

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO₂ increases a person's ventilation rate more than a(n) _______ in arterial partial pressure of O₂.

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, it would take a drop in arterial PO₂ from 100 mm Hg to about _______ mm Hg to bring about the same change in ventilation rate as an increase in arterial PCO₂ from 40 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg.