Charles Manages a Department That Includes About a Dozen Computer

Charles manages a department that includes about a dozen computer programmers.Over the past year,he has noticed that turnover among his programmers has increased by 75%.This has proven puzzling to him,since the performance of the department and all of its programmers has consistently been very high.During informal discussions with some of the remaining programmers,Charles has determined that the programmers who have been leaving have not complained about pay,relationships with coworkers or supervisors,or working conditions.In fact,they have said that they were generally happy with what they were doing.On the other hand,they have been concerned with the company's failure to adopt the latest technological advances in hardware and software that would allow them to maintain their programming skills at the cutting edge.Most of the workers who have left have gone to work for companies that are using the latest technology.In this organization,the increased turnover appears to be the result of problems in the area of:

A) immoral management
B) job security
C) organizational commitment
D) job satisfaction