Question 1

Conner needs just $20 more to go out with his friends. He asks his mother for $50, but she tells him he can have $30 instead. In the end, Conner ended up with $10 more than he originally planned. What technique did Connor use?

Accepted Answer

Conner used the door-in-the-face technique by initially asking for more money than he needed ($50) and then accepting a smaller amount ($30), which was still more than he originally needed ($20).

Question 2

The theory of ________ attempts to explain what happens when people behave in ways that are contrary to their beliefs or attitudes.

Accepted Answer

The theory of cognitive dissonance attempts to explain the discomfort or psychological stress that occurs when people behave in ways that are inconsistent with their beliefs or attitudes. This theory proposes that people have a natural drive to maintain consistency between their attitudes and behaviors, and when these are in conflict, they experience cognitive dissonance. The theory suggests that people may change their attitudes to align with their behavior or change their behavior to align with their attitudes in order to reduce this discomfort.

Question 3

Which of the following represents the affective component of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

The affective component of an attitude involves emotions or feelings towards the object or situation. In option A, the individual expresses a positive emotion towards going to the clubs, indicating the affective component.

Question 4

Follow-up research to Stanley Milgram's original study has found that ________ of "teachers" will deliver shocks up to the point of being lethal.

Accepted Answer

Follow-up studies to Milgram's original experiment have consistently found that about 65 percent of participants are willing to administer shocks up to the maximum voltage, which is considered potentially lethal.

Question 5

Research studying attitude change has focused on all of the following factors EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Research on attitude change typically focuses on the communicator, the message, and the audience, but not specifically on the context.

Question 6

What theory was advanced by Festinger?

Accepted Answer

Festinger advanced the theory of cognitive dissonance, which proposes that people experience discomfort when they hold two or more conflicting beliefs or values. They are motivated to reduce this dissonance by changing their beliefs or behavior in some way.

Question 7

The adage "Birds of a feather flock together" pertains most directly to the ________ factor in liking.

Accepted Answer

The adage "Birds of a feather flock together" suggests that people who are similar tend to associate with each other, which relates to the similarity factor in liking.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories of factors that can influence the effectiveness of attempts to change people's attitudes?

Accepted Answer

The four categories of factors that can influence the effectiveness of attempts to change people's attitudes are the communicator, the audience, the message itself, and the context in which the message is presented. Motive is not one of the categories.

Question 9

How are proximity to others and the establishment of friendships related?

Accepted Answer

Proximity to others and the establishment of friendships are positively related. When people are in close proximity to each other, they are more likely to interact and form relationships. Studies have shown that the likelihood of forming friendships decreases as distance between individuals increases. Therefore, being physically close to others is an important factor in establishing and maintaining friendships.

Question 10

In Asch's study, conformity decreased when

Accepted Answer

Conformity in Asch's study decreased when at least one confederate agreed with the participant, as this provided social support, reducing the pressure to conform to the incorrect majority.

Question 11

The fact that you are most likely to marry someone who lives near you illustrates the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The propinquity effect refers to the tendency for people to form relationships with those who are geographically close to them. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it directly relates to the statement about marrying someone who lives near you. Option B (numerosity) refers to the preference for larger groups or quantities, option C (similarity) refers to the tendency to be attracted to those who share similar characteristics, and option D (reciprocity) refers to the tendency to like those who like us in return. While these concepts may also play a role in attraction and relationships, they are not directly relevant to the scenario described in the question.

Question 12

Getting a person to make a small commitment in order to get that person to make a larger commitment later is known as:

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique involves getting the person to agree to a small request, and then following up with a larger request later on. This increases the likelihood that the person will comply with the larger request. The other options (A, C, and D) are not related to this technique.

Question 13

According to Festinger, the feeling of discomfort that results from the realization that our beliefs and our behaviors are discrepant is called:

Accepted Answer

Festinger coined the term cognitive dissonance to describe the feeling of discomfort that arises when one's beliefs and actions are inconsistent.

Question 14

Even though Jane thought it was wrong to take from others, she didn't want to be rejected by her peers, so she began shoplifting along with them. Jane probably experienced ________ when she stole.

Accepted Answer

Jane's behavior of stealing goes against her personal belief system, causing her to experience cognitive dissonance - the mental discomfort caused by holding two conflicting beliefs or values.

Question 15

Which of the following would not be effective in minimizing groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Openly voting by a show of hands can create pressure for members to conform to the majority, leading to groupthink.

Question 16

Studies on similarity and attractiveness have found that ________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found a positive correlation between similarity and attraction, but the relationship becomes weaker after a certain point. This may be due to boredom or lack of novelty in the relationship. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Option B is incorrect, as studies have found a relationship between similarity and attraction. Option C is not supported by research, as complementarity has not been found to be a more powerful influence on attraction than similarity. Option D is partially correct in that similarity may lead to boredom or lack of novelty, but it does not necessarily weaken the attraction between two people.

Question 17

To relieve dissonance, people will try to change ________, so that attitudes, beliefs, and behavior will once again support one another.

Accepted Answer

Dissonance occurs when there is a lack of harmony between attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. To relieve this discomfort, people will try to change their cognitions (beliefs or attitudes) rather than the subject of their dissonance, their values or their actions. This helps to restore consistency between their thoughts and actions.

Question 18

Whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time, a state of ________ exists.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs or values, or experiences conflict between their beliefs and actions. It often results in uncomfortable feelings and a desire to resolve the dissonance through a change in behavior or attitude.

Question 19

The most important factor in attraction is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most important factor in attraction is...

Question 20

One of the keys to deindividuation is

Accepted Answer

Anonymity is one of the key factors in deindividuation, as it allows individuals to feel less self-aware and more likely to engage in impulsive or deviant behavior while in a group setting.

Quiz 12: Social Psychology