Zach is focusing on mastering techniques for his research and on gaining appreciation from others for his scientific achievements. Zach's motivation suggests that he is investing his effort to satisfy Maslow's need for _____, which is considered a _____ need.

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Zach is focused on gaining appreciation from others for his scientific achievements, which is a characteristic of esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In addition, he is investing effort in mastering techniques for his research, which implies that he is striving to achieve personal excellence and self-respect, which are also components of esteem needs. Esteem needs are considered deficiency needs because they arise from a sense of inadequacy or lack of self-worth, and their satisfaction can help individuals overcome feelings of inferiority or inadequacy.

Zach Is Focusing on Mastering Techniques for His Research and on Gaining