Question 1

People won't help when there are many bystanders due to

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals believe that someone else will take action in an emergency situation, leading to a decreased sense of personal responsibility to intervene. The more bystanders there are, the less likely any single individual will feel responsible to help. It is not necessarily true that people are egoistic, enjoy seeing others hurt, or lack altruism.

Question 2

If a person sees a victim in dire need,but doesn't know how to help,that person will most likely

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a person sees a victim in...

Question 3

As the number of people present during an emergency increases,what can be predicted about the likelihood that any one individual will help?

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect suggests that as the number of people present during an emergency increases, the likelihood that any one individual will help decreases. This is because people assume that someone else will take responsibility and feel less personal responsibility to intervene. Therefore, it's less likely that any one individual will help in such situations.

Question 4

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test.The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute people's behavior to internal factors (such as personality traits) rather than external factors (such as situational factors). In this case, the teacher might assume that Freire did poorly because he is unmotivated rather than considering external factors that may have affected his performance.

Question 5

When 12-year-old Jack saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort,he prepared to offer help.But when he noticed several adults walk past the man,he concluded that the man did not need any help.His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

Accepted Answer

Jack's reaction of not offering help after seeing several adults walk past the man is an example of the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help in emergency situations when others are present. This suggests a diffusion of responsibility among the group of bystanders, leading each individual to assume someone else will take responsibility for taking action.

Question 6

According to research,the larger the group,the

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that in larger groups, diffusion of responsibility occurs, meaning individuals are less likely to take action or offer assistance in an emergency situation. This is known as the Bystander Effect. Therefore, it is less likely for someone to receive help or for someone to give assistance in a larger group.

Question 7

In 1986,the space shuttle Challenger was launched despite warnings of danger from NASA engineers that parts might malfunction due to weather conditions.Which concept best characterizes the decision to go ahead with the launch?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink is the tendency for highly cohesive groups to strive for consensus and minimize dissent or criticisms. In this case, NASA engineers who warned about potential dangers were likely silenced or dismissed due to the pressure to conform to the group's decision to proceed with the launch. The group's decision was made without fully considering all available information, resulting in a tragic outcome.

Question 8

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because

Accepted Answer

Milgram's initial obedience experiment showed that the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. This was surprising because prior to the experiment, it was generally believed that most people would refuse to administer potentially lethal shocks to another person. However, the majority of participants in Milgram's study continued to obey the experimenter's instructions even when they were instructed to administer what they believed to be extremely painful and dangerous shocks to a stranger.

Question 9

In which scenario would an individual be most likely to conform by giving the same response as the confederates?

Accepted Answer

The individual is most likely to conform when there is a unanimous agreement among the confederates. Therefore, in scenario C, where all four confederates give the same response, the individual is more likely to conform and give the same response as the confederates. In scenarios A, B, and D, there is room for doubt or disagreement, and therefore the individual may not conform to the confederates' response.

Question 10

Colin and Erin are waiting to meet with their caterer so that they can discuss the menu for their wedding.The caterer is thirty minutes late and still hasn't arrived.Colin suggests the caterer is probably delayed because of traffic.Colin's attribution can be characterized as a

Accepted Answer

Colin's attribution that the caterer is late because of traffic is a situational attribution, meaning he is attributing the cause of the delay to external factors (traffic) rather than the caterer's personal qualities or behavior.

Question 11

During a Girl Scout picnic,Lavinia was randomly selected to be on one baseball team and Carla on the opposing team.Before the game started,both Lavinia and Carla were convinced that their own team was the better one.The girls' reactions best illustrate

Accepted Answer

The girls' belief that their own team is better than the other is an example of ingroup bias, where individuals favor their own group over others.

Question 12

What did Milgram discover through his classic studies on obedience?

Accepted Answer

Milgram found that obedience decreases as the psychological distance between the teacher and the experimenter increases, meaning that when the authority figure is less immediate or less present, people are less likely to obey.

Question 13

Which scenario best demonstrates the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error occurs when someone attributes another person's behavior to their character or personality, rather than considering external factors that may have influenced their actions. In choice A, Dorothy attributes her co-worker's lateness to a personal flaw (oversleeping), without considering external factors that might have caused the delay.

Question 14

Stereotype is to _____________ as prejudice is to _____________ as discrimination is to _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stereotype is to _____________ as prejudice is...

Question 15

When 68-year-old Mrs.Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway,she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes.One year later,she had a flat tire on a busy freeway and an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance.Mrs.Blake's experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates the bystander effect, which refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present. In this case, the presence of other cars on the busy freeway may have led to a diffusion of responsibility and a decreased likelihood of someone stopping to offer assistance.

Quiz 13: D: Social Psychology