Question 1

When anxiety-provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness,such as not remembering lying to a parent,it is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Repression is the process of preventing distressing or anxiety-provoking memories from reaching conscious awareness. It involves pushing these memories down into the unconscious mind where they cannot be easily accessed. This can be an unconscious defense mechanism used to protect the individual from emotional pain or trauma.

Question 2

Which motto would best fit the id?

Accepted Answer

The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which seeks immediate gratification of desires and impulses. The motto "If it feels good, then do it" would reflect this mindset. The other mottos involve more restraint and consideration of external factors, which are not as relevant to the id.

Question 3

What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?

Accepted Answer

Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense is defense mechanisms.

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the three components of the Freudian personality structure?

Accepted Answer

The three components of the Freudian personality structure are the id, ego, and superego. The superego is the part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and societal constraints.

Question 5

Jamal has a very bad temper.He is notorious for lashing out at his friends when he doesn't get his way.According to Freud,what is dominating Jamal's actions?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of personality, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the psyche that seeks immediate gratification and drives impulsive behavior. Jamal's tendency to lash out when he doesn't get his way suggests that his id is dominating his actions.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a key assumption shared by psychodynamic theories?

Accepted Answer

The assumption that "When basic needs for love are met, human beings seek to achieve their fullest potential" is not shared by psychodynamic theories. This belief is more closely associated with humanistic theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 7

You notice your classmate Hannah chewing on her pencil as she takes her psychology final.Which psychosexual stage may not have been resolved?

Accepted Answer

In Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months and focuses on the satisfaction of oral needs such as sucking and biting. If these needs are not met or overindulged, it can lead to an oral fixation and behaviors such as chewing on objects (including pencils) in later life. Therefore, if Hannah is still engaging in this behavior during an important event such as a final exam, it may suggest that she has not successfully resolved the oral stage.

Question 8

What structure serves as the moral component of one's personality?

Accepted Answer

The superego is the structure that serves as the moral component of one's personality, according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory. It represents the internalized values, ideals, and standards that we acquire from authority figures during childhood, such as parents and teachers. The superego functions to control and modify the impulses of the id, ensuring that we behave in socially acceptable ways.

Question 9

Anna is a morally rigorous person who demands that her daughter remain a virgin until she is married.Anna cannot remember her own premarital sexual encounters.Which defence mechanism would likely account for this memory lapse?

Accepted Answer

Repression is the defence mechanism that involves pushing painful or traumatic experiences or memories into the unconscious mind. Anna's inability to remember her own premarital sexual encounters could be the result of repression, which allows her to continue to hold her strict moral beliefs without the cognitive dissonance of acknowledging her past behaviour. Rationalization involves justifying behaviour that may not be morally or socially acceptable, denial involves refusing to acknowledge an unpleasant truth, and projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or emotions onto someone else.

Question 10

Eila is a 16-year-old girl.Her mom just got remarried to Brick,a strikingly handsome and very kind man.Recently,Eila has begun to taunt Brick about his physique and even tells her mom that she can't stand him.Which defence mechanism is she exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

Eila is exhibiting the defense mechanism called reaction formation which is the process of transforming one's unacceptable feelings or impulses into their opposite. In this case, Eila actually has positive feelings towards Brick but expresses the opposite, negative feelings.

Question 11

Which aspect of the mind held the greatest fascination for Freud?

Accepted Answer

The concept and exploration of the unconscious mind was the central focus of Freud's theories and the foundation of psychoanalytic practice. Freud believed that the unconscious mind contained repressed desires and memories that played a significant role in shaping human behavior and personality.

Question 12

The id is motivated by the desire for ____________.

Accepted Answer

The id is part of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and is motivated by the desire for instant gratification. It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate satisfaction of basic urges and impulses without concern for social norms or consequences.

Question 13

Some authors relate Freud's personality structure to an iceberg,saying that the __________ is completely submerged in our unconscious.

Accepted Answer

Freud's personality structure is composed of the id, ego, and superego. The id is the primitive and instinctual part of the personality that seeks pleasure and is completely submerged in our unconscious, like the majority of an iceberg that is below the water's surface.

Question 14

If the frustration,conflict,and anxiety associated with a particular psychosexual stage are not properly resolved,Freud believed children may

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, if the conflicts and frustrations of a particular psychosexual stage are not properly resolved, the individual may become fixated at that stage. This means they may continue to experience unresolved issues and desires related to that stage throughout their life, which can impact their personality and behavior. Therefore, remaining fixated at a particular stage is the likely outcome if the conflicts and frustration are not properly resolved.

Question 15

As you are preparing for your biology exam,you notice two of your classmates in the library.After going to talk with them,you discover they are planning to cheat during tomorrow's exam.What part of your personality would cause you to feel ashamed or guilty if you also cheated on the exam?

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the personality that is responsible for moral and ethical standards. It is the part of the personality that controls impulses and inhibits behavior that is not morally or ethically appropriate. If someone were to cheat on an exam, it would go against the moral standards set by the superego and would likely cause feelings of guilt and shame. Therefore, the best choice is D, the superego.

Question 16

According to Freud,defence mechanisms are unconscious attempts to reduce our feelings of ___________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that defence mechanisms act as a way to reduce our anxiety by distorting reality or suppressing unconscious desires and impulses. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it directly relates to reducing anxiety.

Question 17

During a grade school field trip,Ryan and his friends were running down a hill when he stepped on a snake.He was unharmed but shaken by the experience.When one of his friends mentioned the incident months later,Ryan could not remember running down the hill that day.Freud would say that this is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychology, repression is defined as the unconscious act of blocking traumatic or unwanted memories, thoughts, or impulses from entering our conscious awareness. In this scenario, Ryan's inability to recall the incident of stepping on the snake indicates the possibility of repression having occurred.

Question 18

Justin passes a parked car that he likes.According to Freud's view of the psyche,which part of Justin's personality convinces him to save his money for a few months so he can buy the car?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Justin passes a parked car that he...

Question 19

According to Freud,the ego is the __________ of personality

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the ego is the realistic component of personality that mediates between the demands of the id, the constraints of the superego, and the realities of the external world. It operates on the reality principle, which seeks to satisfy the id's impulses in a realistic and socially acceptable way.

Question 20

Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer.Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests.Which defence mechanism is at work here?

Accepted Answer

The defence mechanism at work here is denial. Mahmoud is refusing to accept the fact that his father has cancer and is trying to block it out. He is demanding that the doctor repeat his tests, which shows that he wants to avoid the reality of his father's illness.

Quiz 12: B: Personality