The Nurse Is Caring for a Patient Who Is Showing

The nurse is caring for a patient who is showing a sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern on the monitor. The nurse knows that possible causes for this pattern include:

A) Fetal anemia.
B) Chronic fetal bleeding.
C) Maternal hypotension.
D) Twin-to-twin transfusion.
E) Umbilical cord occlusion.