Question 1

A key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that

Accepted Answer

The key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures. While there are cultural differences in the expression of psychiatric symptoms, research has shown that there are core symptoms that are common across different cultures. This supports the idea of universality in psychiatric diagnoses. However, there are also cultural variations in the prevalence, course, and treatment of psychiatric disorders, which highlights the importance of considering diversity in psychiatric diagnoses as well.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a criterion for determining whether a psychiatric diagnosis is valid?

Accepted Answer

A valid psychiatric diagnosis should be based on observable behaviors and clinical assessments, not solely on self-reported behaviors, which can be subjective and unreliable.

Question 3

Dr.Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client.Dr.Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

Accepted Answer

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a widely accepted and authoritative reference book used by mental health professionals for diagnosing psychological disorders. It provides criteria for various disorders, including their symptoms, prevalence, and diagnostic codes. Hence, it is the most appropriate reference book for Dr. Nwoambi to use in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder. The other options are not as relevant or specific for this purpose.

Question 4

In a condition called _______,Indian residents report episodes of inappropriate laughing or crying,fainting,memory loss,and the sensation of being bitten by ants.

Accepted Answer

Saora disorder is a culture-bound syndrome found in India, characterized by symptoms such as inappropriate laughing or crying, fainting, memory loss, and sensations like being bitten by ants.

Question 5

What is the name of the culture-bound syndrome that results from a perceived insult and is followed by a period of brooding and then a violent outburst during which the person may attack others and not remember doing so?

Accepted Answer

Amok is a culture-bound syndrome that is characterized by a period of brooding followed by a sudden outburst of violent behavior. The individual may attack others and not remember doing so. It is mostly seen in Southeast Asian cultures. Ghost sickness is a culture-bound syndrome seen in Native American cultures, characterized by a preoccupation with death and a fear of ghosts. Susto is a culture-bound syndrome seen in Latin American cultures, characterized by a sense of fear, anxiety, and soul loss. Kyofu is not a recognized culture-bound syndrome.

Question 6

What is the term that the Inuit use to describe someone who has characteristics similar to the Western concept of a psychopathic personality?

Accepted Answer

The Inuit use the term "kunlangeta" to describe someone who has characteristics similar to the Western concept of a psychopathic personality.

Question 7

Some residents in Latin America refer to ________ as the cause of disease,misfortune,and social disruption.

Accepted Answer

"Mal de ojo" (or "evil eye" in English) is a widely recognized cultural belief in Latin America that people can inflict harm on others through envy or jealousy, causing physical and emotional distress.

Question 8

_______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a handbook used by psychologists and psychiatrists to help diagnose mental health disorders. It provides a comprehensive list of symptoms and criteria for each disorder, as well as guidelines for assessment and treatment.

Question 9

Labelling theorists argue that diagnoses lead others to treat us as weird or crazy,thus leading us to behave accordingly.As a result,the diagnosis becomes a(n)

Accepted Answer

Labelling theorists argue that diagnoses can become self-fulfilling prophecies where individuals are treated differently and subsequently begin to behave in ways consistent with their label.

Question 10

____________ is a culture-bound disorder,whereas ___________ is a disorder that has cultural universality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ is a culture-bound disorder,whereas ___________ is...

Question 11

______________ refers to a disorder where individuals primarily in Canada,the United States,or Europe experience persistent desires to undergo operations to amputate their limbs or body parts.

Accepted Answer

The disorder described is called apotemnophilia, which is a rare condition where individuals have a persistent desire to amputate a healthy limb or body part. It is more commonly observed in Canada, the United States, or Europe. Arctic hysteria and Windigo are not related to this disorder, while Couvade syndrome is a cultural practice where fathers experience symptoms similar to pregnancy and childbirth when their partner is pregnant, and it is not related to apotemnophilia.

Question 12

Throughout his wife's pregnancy,Josh has experienced food cravings,nausea,and weight gain,including a "baby belly" and "man boobs." Prior to his wife going into labour,he even experienced labour pains.Josh suffers from what culture-bound syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Couvade syndrome is a culture-bound syndrome where men experience symptoms similar to pregnancy (such as food cravings, weight gain, and even labour pains) while their partners are pregnant. The other options are not related to the symptoms experienced by Josh.

Question 13

In a condition called _______,some residents in New Guinea report episodes where they steal and later deposit their neighbours' possessions in the forest,but remember nothing of the entire episode.

Accepted Answer

The condition described is known as "gururumba." It is a culture-specific condition found in parts of New Guinea where individuals experience episodes of theft and later depositing stolen items in the forest, but have no memory of their actions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a diagnosis rather than a label?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a legitimate psychiatric diagnosis recognized by the DSM-5, whereas the other options are not recognized diagnoses and may be considered outdated or stigmatizing labels. Drapetomania, for example, was a term used in the 19th century to describe a supposed mental illness that caused slaves to attempt to escape from their masters. Road rage disorder and codependency are also not recognized diagnoses in the DSM-5.

Question 15

______________ are concerned with the possibility that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviour,and can lead them to act differently and be treated differently by others.

Accepted Answer

Labelling theorists are concerned with how labels or diagnoses can affect individuals and how society reacts to these labels. They argue that being labelled with a psychiatric diagnosis can lead to stigma, discrimination, and self-fulfilling prophecies, which can have negative consequences for individuals' perceptions and behaviour. Psychoanalysts, humanists, and behaviourists may not focus specifically on the potential negative effects of psychiatric diagnoses.

Question 16

The disorder or culture-bound syndrome in which men fear that their penis is shrinking is primarily found in which country?

Accepted Answer

Koro is a culture-bound syndrome in which men fear that their penis is shrinking and will eventually disappear into their abdomen. It is primarily found in Southeast Asia, including China, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka.

Question 17

In a condition called _______,some First Nations residents in Central Canada report a morbid fear of becoming a cannibal.

Accepted Answer

The condition where some First Nations residents in Central Canada report a morbid fear of becoming a cannibal is called windigo, which is a cultural belief and a manifestation of a mental health disorder.

Question 18

In a condition called _______,Inuit persons may experience abrupt episodes accompanied by extreme excitement and then followed by convulsive seizures.

Accepted Answer

The condition described is known as Arctic hysteria, which is a culturally specific syndrome experienced by some Inuit individuals. Symptoms may include extreme excitement, convulsive seizures, and sometimes violent behavior.

Question 19

In a condition called _______,some Malaysian residents report episodes of intense sadness and brooding,followed by uncontrolled behaviour and unprovoked attacks on people or animals.

Accepted Answer

The condition described in the question is referred to as "amok," which is a culturally-specific syndrome in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. It is characterized by periods of brooding and intense sadness, followed by sudden outbursts of uncontrollable behavior and acts of aggression towards people or animals. Windigo is a mythical creature in Algonquian folklore, ataque de nervios is a culture-bound syndrome in Latin America, and mal de ojo is a belief in the Evil Eye in some cultures.

Question 20

Some parts of Malaysia and several other Asian countries have witnessed periodic outbreaks of a strange condition known as _______ .The victims,most of whom are male,typically believe that their penis and testicles are disappearing and receding into their abdomen.

Accepted Answer

The strange condition described in the question is known as "koro", which is characterized by the belief that one's genitalia is retracting or disappearing into the body. This condition has been reported in parts of Malaysia and other Asian countries. "Windigo" is a term used in Native American folklore to describe a malevolent spirit, and is not related to the described condition. "Hwa-byung" is a Korean term used to describe a culture-bound syndrome characterized by anger and physical symptoms, and "mal de ojo" is a superstition found in some Latin American cultures centered around the belief in a curse caused by an evil eye. Neither of these conditions are related to the described phenomenon.

Quiz 15: D: Psychological Disorders