Question 1

Unlike the randomized block design and the Latin square,factorial designs allow for interactions between variables.

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs are specifically designed to assess interactions between variables, unlike randomized block designs and Latin squares which do not allow for such interactions.

Question 2

Quasi-experimental designs are useful because they can be used in cases when true experimentation cannot,and because they are quicker and less expensive.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs are often used when true experimentation is not possible due to ethical concerns, practical limitations, or the inability to manipulate certain variables. Quasi-experimental designs also tend to be quicker and less expensive than true experiments, which can make them a more practical option in some cases.

Question 3

Time series design is a quasi-experimental design that involves periodic measurements on the dependent variable for a group of test units.

Accepted Answer

Time series design involves measuring the dependent variable at regular intervals over a period of time, making it a quasi-experimental design.

Question 4

Only causal designs are truly appropriate for inferring cause-and-effect relationships.

Accepted Answer

Causal designs allow for manipulation of the independent variable and controlling for other factors, which is necessary for inferring cause-and-effect relationships. Correlational designs can only establish a relationship between variables, but cannot determine causation.

Question 5

Factorial design is a true experimental design that is used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes factorial design as a true experimental design.

Question 6

The distinguishing feature of the true experimental designs,as compared to preexperimental designs,is lack of randomization.

Accepted Answer

The distinguishing feature of true experimental designs, as compared to preexperimental designs, is the presence of randomization. Randomization is used to assign participants to different groups in order to equalize any potential differences between groups and ensure that any observed differences in outcome can be attributed to the intervention being studied.

Question 7

Also known as the after-only design,the one-shot case study may be symbolically represented as:
X O1.

Accepted Answer

The symbolically representation of the one-shot case study is X O1, indicating that the treatment (X) is applied and then the outcome (O1) is measured once, after the treatment is administered.

Question 8

Full experimental control is available in quasi-experimental designs;therefore,the researcher does not need to take into account the specific variables that are not controlled.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs do not have full experimental control, as they often involve manipulation of an independent variable but lack elements such as random assignment or control groups that are present in true experimental designs. As a result, researchers must take into account specific variables that may not be fully controlled in order to account for potential confounds or alternative explanations for their findings.

Question 9

All of the types of experimental designs mentioned in the chapter on Causal Research Design (Latin Square,factorial,true experimental,and preexperimental designs for example)can be implemented on the Internet.

Accepted Answer

All of the types of experimental designs mentioned in the chapter on Causal Research Design can be implemented on the Internet. The internet provides various tools and resources for conducting experiments, such as online surveys, randomized controlled trials, and A/B testing.

Question 10

Descriptive survey studies do not meet all conditions required for causality.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive survey studies only provide information about the characteristics or patterns of a phenomenon, but they cannot establish a causal relationship between variables. To establish causality, experimental designs are required.

Question 11

Matching is a method of controlling extraneous variables that involve matching test units on a set of key background variables before assigning them to the treatment conditions.

Accepted Answer

Matching is a method of controlling extraneous variables by selecting test units that are similar on key background variables before assigning them to the treatment conditions. This allows for the comparison of treatment effects to be less confounded by differences in background variables between groups.

Question 12

$$\begin{array} { l } 
\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l l } 
\mathrm{EG}: \mathrm{O}_{1} & \mathrm{O}_{2} & \mathrm{O}_{3} & \mathrm{O}_{4} & \mathrm{O}_{5} & X & \mathrm{O}_{6} & \mathrm{O}_{7} & \mathrm{O}_{8} & \mathrm{O}_{9}\
\mathrm{CG}: \mathrm{O}_{11} & \mathrm{O}_{12} & \mathrm{O}_{13} & \mathrm{O}_{14} & \mathrm{O}_{15} & X & \mathrm{O}_{16} & \mathrm{O}_{17} & \mathrm{O}_{18} & \mathrm{O}_{19}
\end{array}
\end{array}$$
The above design is an example of a multiple time series design.

Accepted Answer

The design shows two groups (EG and CG) with observations over multiple time points, which is characteristic of a multiple time series design.

Question 13

When more than one variable must be controlled,the researcher must use true experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

Non-experimental and quasi-experimental designs can also be used to study the effects of more than one variable, although they may not control for variables as rigorously as true experimental designs.

Question 14

A field environment is synonymous with actual market conditions.

Accepted Answer

A field environment refers to real-world market conditions, as opposed to a simulated or laboratory environment.

Question 15

In practice,a control group is sometimes defined as the group that receives the current level of marketing activity,rather than a group that receives no treatment at all because it is difficult to reduce current marketing activities,such as advertising and personal selling,to zero.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. In some cases, it may be difficult or unethical to completely eliminate current marketing activities in order to create a true control group. In such cases, the control group may receive the current level of marketing activity, while the treatment group receives an additional or modified form of marketing activity.

Question 16

Field experiments have some advantages over laboratory experiments.The field experiment offers a high degree of control because it isolates the experiment in a carefully monitored environment.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false. Field experiments take place in natural settings and are subject to various uncontrollable factors that can affect the results. Therefore, they offer lower control compared to laboratory experiments.

Question 17

The Internet can provide a mechanism for controlled experimentation,although in a laboratory type of environment.

Accepted Answer

The Internet can provide a platform for controlled experimentation, allowing researchers to test new ideas in a more controlled and systematic way. However, this may not always be possible in a true laboratory environment with strict controls and conditions.

Question 18

Experimental designs may be classified as preexperimental,true experimental,quasi-experimental,or statistical.

Accepted Answer

This is a true statement. Experimental designs can be classified into these four categories.

Question 19

The main disadvantage of a factorial design is that the number of treatment combinations increases multiplicatively with an increase in the number of variables or levels.

Accepted Answer

This is true. As the number of factors or levels in a factorial design increases, the number of treatment combinations also increases multiplicatively, which can make it difficult or impractical to test all possible combinations.

Question 20

A Latin square is conceptualized as a table,with the rows and the columns representing the blocks in the two external variables.

Accepted Answer

This is true, as each row and column in a Latin square represents a unique value from the two external variables being studied.

Quiz 7: Casual Research Design: Experimentation