A legal argument based on the notion that the defendant should not be held responsible for an illegal act if it is attributable to mental illness or intellectual disability that interferes with rationality is called

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The legal argument described is commonly known as the insanity defense, which asserts that the defendant was unable to appreciate the nature and quality of their actions or understand that their actions were wrong due to a mental illness or intellectual disability. This defense is intended to excuse criminal responsibility based on the belief that punishment is inappropriate for those who cannot fully control their behavior or understand the consequences of their actions.

A Legal Argument Based on the Notion That the Defendant