Question 1

Dr. Hudson is examining the effect of treatment on Internet addiction. He has developed a new treatment program that uses both cognitive and behavioral factors to compete with the current behavioral-only treatment program. Dr. Hudson randomly assigns participants into conditional groups. Theo finds himself in a participant group that does not receive any type of intervention during the actual study, but is offered treatment 3 months after completion of the study. Theo was most likely in what type of group?

Accepted Answer

Theo was most likely in the waiting-list control group because this group does not receive any type of intervention during the actual study but is offered treatment after completion of the study. The other options (placebo, post-hoc, empty control) do not accurately describe the group to which Theo belonged.

Question 2

Dr. Allaz explained that between-subjects designs have higher degrees of _____ because in real-life people rarely get a sequence of treatments, but instead get access to one level of treatment.

Accepted Answer

Between-subjects designs have higher degrees of external validity because they more closely mimic real-world conditions where individuals typically experience only one level of treatment, rather than multiple treatments in sequence. This enhances the generalizability of the findings to real-life settings.

Question 3

In an experimental study, obtaining multiple measurements from each of the participants increases _____ in a within-subjects design.

Accepted Answer

Obtaining multiple measurements from each participant increases the power of a within-subjects design, as it allows for a more accurate and precise estimation of the treatment effect. This is because each participant serves as their own control, minimizing individual differences and increasing the ability to detect a significant effect. It does not necessarily affect random error, type I error or internal validity.

Question 4

Berma wants to conduct a study on how petting a dog daily can increased one's overall happiness and physical well-being. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

Accepted Answer

A nursing home would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism as it is a natural setting where pet therapy is commonly used to improve the physical and emotional well-being of the residents. This would make the study more realistic and applicable to real-life situations.

Question 5

In an experimental study, random error due to individual differences can be reduced if a(n) _____ is implemented.

Accepted Answer

Within-subjects design involves using the same participants for both the treatment and control group, thus reducing the effect of individual differences and increasing the precision of the results. This is because individual differences are controlled as each participant serves as their control. Therefore, within-subjects design is the best choice for reducing random error due to individual differences.

Question 6

All of the following are between-subjects designs, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Pretest-posttest designs are within-subjects designs, where participants serve as their own control. The other options listed are all between-subjects designs, where different groups of participants are assigned to different experimental conditions.

Question 7

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the _____, but only one level of the between-subjects factor.

Accepted Answer

In a mixed design, the within-subjects factor is the factor that is manipulated within the same group of participants, while the between-subjects factor is the factor that varies between different groups of participants. Participants receive every level of the within-subjects factor, but only one level of the between-subjects factor. Therefore, the correct answer is C) within-subjects factor.

Question 8

Dr. Irvin noted that within the same mixed design study, researchers can examine the impact of each _____ individually on the _____.

Accepted Answer

In a mixed design study, the independent variable can have a different impact on the dependent variable depending on the level of the within-subjects variable. Therefore, researchers can examine the impact of each independent variable individually on the dependent variable.

Question 9

All of the following are between-subjects designs, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Repeated measures designs are within-subjects designs, meaning that the same participants are tested under multiple conditions. The other three options are all between-subjects designs, meaning that different groups of participants are tested under each condition.

Question 10

Tatiana wants to conduct a study on how reading influences public speaking ability. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

Accepted Answer

A debate class would provide a realistic setting for studying the influence of reading on public speaking ability because it involves a real-life situation where individuals are required to speak in public and engage in argumentation. This setting would provide a more natural environment than a research laboratory, science class, or library, which may not involve as much public speaking and interaction with others.

Question 11

All of the following are within-subjects designs, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs can be either between-subjects or within-subjects designs. Pretest-posttest designs, repeated measure designs, and mixed designs are all examples of within-subjects designs.

Question 12

A 2013 study examining the administration of hypnosis to golf professionals for a period of 7 days to improve their golf score found:

Accepted Answer

The study found that there was an overall improvement in performance per mean number of strokes during the intervention phase, indicating that hypnosis intervention had a positive impact on golf performance.

Question 13

The use of _____ in between-subject designs increases internal validity.

Accepted Answer

Random assignment helps ensure that any potential differences between the groups being compared are evenly distributed among the participants, which increases internal validity. Multiple measurements, multiple participants, and controlled experiments may also contribute to internal validity but are not unique to between-subject designs.

Question 14

Dr. Croteau explains to students in his methodology class that when using a mixed design, they are essentially using a(n) _____ with multiple independent variables.

Accepted Answer

A mixed design involves both between-subjects and within-subjects factors, making it essentially a factorial design with multiple independent variables.

Question 15

A mixed design is helpful in that it allows researchers to answer _____ research questions at the same time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mixed design is helpful in that...

Question 16

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the within-subjects factor, but only one level of the:

Accepted Answer

In a mixed design, participants receive every level of the within-subjects factor and only one level of the between-subjects factor. The hybrid factor is a combination of both within-subjects and between-subjects factors, and participants can receive multiple levels of the hybrid factor. The interaction effect and main effect are not factors themselves, but rather statistical results that can be analyzed in a mixed design study. Therefore, the correct answer is B, the between-subjects factor.

Question 17

Dr. Croteau explains to students in his methodology class that when using a mixed design, they are essentially using a factorial design with multiple:

Accepted Answer

In a mixed design, both between-subjects and within-subjects factors are used, which essentially creates a factorial design with multiple independent variables.

Question 18

Dr. Russo noted that mixed design research mimics real life in that not only can _____ be tested, but _____ can also be tested, which is how variables relate in the real world.

Accepted Answer

Mixed design research allows for testing of not only main effects, which test the effect of one variable on the outcome, but also interaction effects, which test the combined effect of two or more variables on the outcome. This mirrors how variables relate and interact in the real world.

Question 19

Ranya wants to conduct a study on how video gaming affects cognitive flexibility in a controlled setting. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

Accepted Answer

A research laboratory would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism as it allows for greater control over the environment, ensuring that extraneous variables are minimized or eliminated. This increases the likelihood of the study's findings being applicable to real-world situations. The other options (debate class, gamer's basement, library) do not offer the same level of control and may introduce confounding variables.

Question 20

All of the following are within-subjects designs, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Two-group designs are between-subjects designs, meaning that participants are only assigned to one group and are not exposed to other conditions. The other options listed are within-subjects designs, where participants are exposed to multiple conditions over time.

Quiz 12: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Dr. Allaz explained that between-subjects designs have higher degrees of _____ because in real-life people rarely get a sequence of treatments, but instead get access to one level of treatment.

In an experimental study, obtaining multiple measurements from each of the participants increases _____ in a within-subjects design.

Berma wants to conduct a study on how petting a dog daily can increased one's overall happiness and physical well-being. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

In an experimental study, random error due to individual differences can be reduced if a(n) _____ is implemented.

All of the following are between-subjects designs, EXCEPT:

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the _____, but only one level of the between-subjects factor.

Dr. Irvin noted that within the same mixed design study, researchers can examine the impact of each _ individually on the _.

All of the following are between-subjects designs, EXCEPT:

Tatiana wants to conduct a study on how reading influences public speaking ability. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

All of the following are within-subjects designs, EXCEPT:

A 2013 study examining the administration of hypnosis to golf professionals for a period of 7 days to improve their golf score found:

The use of _____ in between-subject designs increases internal validity.

Dr. Croteau explains to students in his methodology class that when using a mixed design, they are essentially using a(n) _____ with multiple independent variables.

A mixed design is helpful in that it allows researchers to answer _____ research questions at the same time.

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the within-subjects factor, but only one level of the:

Dr. Croteau explains to students in his methodology class that when using a mixed design, they are essentially using a factorial design with multiple:

Dr. Russo noted that mixed design research mimics real life in that not only can _ be tested, but _ can also be tested, which is how variables relate in the real world.

Ranya wants to conduct a study on how video gaming affects cognitive flexibility in a controlled setting. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

All of the following are within-subjects designs, EXCEPT: