Hemlocks cast much deeper shade than birch trees. The tree that competes more successfully for light is

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The tree that can persist as saplings in deep shade in the forest understorey is the one that competes more successfully for light, as it is able to survive and grow in low light conditions. Hemlocks cast deeper shade, but this does not necessarily mean they are the most successful competitors for light. The survival of saplings in the understorey is a good indicator of which tree species can compete successfully for light. Abundance alone does not necessarily equate to successful competition for light.

Hemlocks Cast Much Deeper Shade Than Birch Trees