Just How Strong the Competitive Pressures Are from Substitute Products

Just how strong the competitive pressures are from substitute products depends on

A) whether the available substitutes are strongly or weakly differentiated and whether buyers make purchases frequently or infrequently.
B) whether attractively priced substitutes are readily available and the ease with which buyers can switch to substitutes.
C) whether the available substitutes are products or services.
D) whether the producers of substitutes have ample budgets for new product R&D.
E) the speed with which buyer needs and expectations are changing.