To decide whether observed differences between samples reflect actual differences between populations, it is necessary to determine the ________ of the observed differences.

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Statistical significance is a measure of how likely the observed differences between samples occurred by chance. It helps to determine if the differences are real or just due to random variation. The other options (mean, median, standard deviation) are measures of central tendency and variability, which are important but not sufficient in determining the significance of differences between populations.

To Decide Whether Observed Differences Between Samples Reflect Actual Differences