Question 1

Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by

Accepted Answer

Today's psychologists believe that disordered behavior is influenced by a combination of social circumstances, inner psychological dynamics, genetic predispositions, and physiological states. It is generally recognized that these factors interact with each other in complex ways to produce a range of mental health problems.

Question 2

Maria has had the symptoms of anorexia since her teens.In which country is Maria LEAST likely to live?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia has been shown to be much less common in Japan, with an estimated prevalence rate of 0.1% compared to rates between 1%-5% in Western countries like the United States, Canada, and England. Therefore, Maria is least likely to live in Japan if she has had symptoms of anorexia since her teens.

Question 3

Marshall has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.Because this disorder is included as a diagnosis in the DSM-5

Accepted Answer

Because autism spectrum disorder is included as a diagnosis in the DSM-5, the therapist will be able to suggest appropriate treatment. This does not necessarily mean that Marshall's mother will know the real cause of his difficult behavior, that he will be overmedicated, or that she will be able to join support groups.

Question 4

Epigenetics is the study of environmental influences on

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors such as diet, stress, and toxins can modify gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. It looks at how genes can be "turned on" or "turned off" by such environmental factors, leading to changes in an organism's characteristics or susceptibility to disease.

Question 5

Dr.Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes,mood-related perceptions,and cultural definitions of normality and disorder.The doctor's emphasis best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Dr. Garcia's emphasis on the interactive influences of genes, mood-related perceptions, and cultural definitions of normality and disorder aligns with the biopsychosocial approach, which considers biological, psychological, and social factors when understanding psychological disorders.

Question 6

Juan immigrated to the United States from a small village in Colombia,and the change has caused Juan to become extremely anxious and restless.Juan believes these symptoms are a result of someone from his old village using black magic against him.Juan is likely to say that he is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Juan's symptoms align with the cultural concept of "susto" which is a condition commonly found in Latin American cultures. It is believed to be caused by a traumatic or frightening event and characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, restlessness, and loss of appetite. Susto is often attributed to supernatural causes like black magic, as Juan is implying in this scenario.

Question 7

Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)was the first to promote ________ for psychological disorders,instead of the brutal treatments used during his time.

Accepted Answer

Philippe Pinel was a French physician who advocated for moral treatment of psychological disorders during the 18th century. Prior to this, those with mental illnesses were often subjected to inhumane treatments such as bleeding, restraints, and even trephination (drilling holes into the skull). Pinel believed that patients needed a humane and respectful approach, and he emphasized the importance of treating them with dignity and kindness. His work paved the way for the development of modern mental health care.

Question 8

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as

Accepted Answer

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the medical model. This model emphasizes the importance of diagnosing and treating psychological disorders as one would a physical illness, with a focus on biological factors such as genetics, brain chemistry, and neuroanatomy.

Question 9

Successive editions of the ________ have provided guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The DSM, or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is a handbook that provides criteria and guidelines for diagnosing various psychological disorders. It is currently in its fifth edition (DSM-5) and is widely used by mental health professionals around the world. OCD, ADHD, and PTSD are specific psychological disorders that are included in the DSM.

Question 10

In Malaysia,________ describes a sudden outburst of violent behavior.

Accepted Answer

The term "amok" is used to describe a sudden outburst of violent behavior in Malaysia. It is a culturally-specific mental condition that is recognized by Malaysian psychiatrists as a form of "running amok."

Question 11

To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting the

Accepted Answer

The term "sickness" implies a medical perspective, which is consistent with the medical model of psychological disorders as illnesses that can be diagnosed, treated, and potentially cured. Therefore, using this terminology is likely to encourage research and approaches that align with the medical model.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding disordered aggression?

Accepted Answer

Disordered aggression may have varying explanations in different cultures. Different explanations may be based on cultural beliefs, values, and norms.

Question 13

In discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures,we are providing evidence for

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach recognizes that mental disorders arise from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. This includes cultural factors, which can influence the manifestation of certain disorders. Therefore, discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures is evidence for a biopsychosocial approach. The other options (epigenetics, the medical model, and the DSM-5) do not specifically address the role of culture in mental disorders.

Question 14

Research on ________ shows that our environment can affect whether a gene is expressed,thus affecting the development of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The field of epigenetics studies how environmental factors such as stress, diet, and toxic exposures can affect the expression of genes without changing the underlying DNA sequence. This research has shown that epigenetic changes can contribute to the development of psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Cultural influences (A) can certainly affect the prevalence and manifestation of psychological disorders, but they do not directly impact gene expression. The medical model (B) refers to the traditional approach to diagnosing and treating mental illness, and does not relate to gene-environment interactions. The stress of childbirth (D) can have an impact on maternal and infant health, but is not directly related to epigenetic changes or gene expression in the context of psychological disorders.

Question 15

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-5 in order to ________ various psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 is a manual used by mental health professionals to identify and diagnose various psychological disorders. It provides guidelines for the criteria that must be met in order for a patient to be diagnosed with a particular disorder. The DSM-5 does not provide information on how to cure or prevent these disorders, but it can be used to explain the symptoms and behaviors associated with them.

Question 16

Mental health workers would be likely to identify alcohol misuse as a psychological disorder because it is

Accepted Answer

Alcohol misuse can have significant negative impacts on a person's life, such as impairing their ability to function in their daily roles and responsibilities, damaging their relationships with others, and causing physical and mental health problems. These factors are indicators of a personally dysfunctional behavior or pattern, which is why mental health workers would identify it as a psychological disorder. While alcohol misuse may also be socially unacceptable or ethically unjustifiable in certain contexts, those factors are not the primary reasons for identifying it as a psychological disorder. Additionally, it is not necessarily unconsciously motivated, as many people may be aware of their alcohol misuse but struggle to stop or control it.

Question 17

Mira claims that alcohol use disorder is a disease that,like pneumonia,can be cured or prevented with proper treatment.Her belief is most clearly consistent with

Accepted Answer

Mira's belief that alcohol use disorder is a disease that can be cured or prevented with proper treatment aligns with the medical model, which views addiction as a disease that can be treated and potentially cured. The biopsychosocial approach suggests that addiction is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, while epigenetics refers to the study of how environmental factors can impact gene expression. The maladaptive approach focuses on identifying maladaptive behaviors and replacing them with more adaptive ones, and is not directly related to the view of addiction as a disease.

Question 18

James feels anxious around other people,to the point that he refuses to leave his home.He has lost his job and has few finances with which to pay incoming bills.James' behavior would be considered disordered because it is

Accepted Answer

Maladaptive behavior is behavior that is not effective in helping a person reach their goals or meet their needs. In James' case, his behavior is maladaptive because it is preventing him from working and paying his bills.

Question 19

A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the interactive influences of biological, psychological, and social factors on substance abuse. This approach recognizes that substance abuse is not simply a result of personal choice or biology, but rather a complex interplay between different factors. Therefore, it would prioritize the interactive influences of nature and nurture on substance abuse. Option A is not relevant to biopsychosocial approach. Option B is incorrect as it emphasizes the similarities instead of looking at the interplay of multiple factors. Option D is incorrect as it is an oversimplification of a complex issue.

Question 20

Many clinicians diagnose disorders by using the detailed diagnostic criteria in the

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) is the primary resource used by clinicians to diagnose mental health disorders. It provides detailed diagnostic criteria and descriptions for a wide range of disorders.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders