Question 1

Michele,a bank officer,takes the time to fully explain to an applicant why he is being turned down for a loan and does her best to answer all the applicant's questions without being demeaning toward him in any way.Michele is reflecting the ethical concern of ___ in her behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Interactional justice is the ethical concern for treating individuals with respect, dignity, and politeness. Michele's behaviour towards the loan applicant reflects interactional justice as she explains the reasons for rejection and answers all questions without demeaning the applicant.

Question 2

Suppose that a professor's main concern in grading term papers is to evaluate all papers and assign grades fairly and objectively in light of the requirements and grading scale contained in the course syllabus.From an ethics perspective,this is an example of the professor adopting which of the following views?

Accepted Answer

The professor's concern with grading papers fairly and objectively in accordance with the course syllabus requirements and grading scale is an example of the justice view. This view requires treating each person impartially and fairly, without showing favoritism or discrimination. The professor's focus on objective standards aligns with the justice view's emphasis on treating people according to their rights and entitlements.

Question 3

The degree to which other people are treated with dignity and respect deals with the issue of

Accepted Answer

The issue of treating people with dignity and respect falls under the category of interactional justice, which refers to the perception of how fairly people are treated in interpersonal interactions. Utilitarianism, individualism, procedural justice, and distributive justice are all related to fairness in different ways, but do not directly address interpersonal treatment.

Question 4

The individualism view is supposed to promote ___ but in business practice it may result in ___.

Accepted Answer

The individualism view emphasizes personal autonomy and self-interest. While this can promote honesty and integrity, it can also lead to a focus on pushing the boundaries of the law to maximize individual gain, rather than prioritizing ethics or values that benefit the organization as a whole.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is/are true?

Accepted Answer

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) indeed established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to oversee the audits of public companies, thereby setting new audit standards, and it also increased the penalties for corporate fraud, making it easier for corporate executives to be tried and sentenced for financial misconduct. It did not specifically create a mechanism for the supervision of the liquidation of Enron and Arthur Andersen; those events were catalysts for the Act's creation.

Question 6

The degree to which policies and rules are fairly administered in an organization is known as

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice refers to the fairness and transparency in the processes and procedures used to make decisions and enforce policies within an organization. It is concerned with ensuring that decision-making procedures are consistent, reliable, and impartial, and that all stakeholders have a voice in the process. Therefore, D is the correct choice. The other options are not relevant or do not fully capture the concept of procedural justice.

Question 7

The degree to which outcomes are allocated without regard to ethnicity,race,gender,age,or other individual differences criteria is the concept of

Accepted Answer

Distributive justice refers to the fair distribution of benefits and burdens such that people with similar needs and circumstances receive similar outcomes. It ensures that outcomes are allocated based on factors such as merit, contribution, and need, rather than individual differences criteria such as race, gender, or age. Therefore, distributive justice is the best choice for the given concept.

Question 8

Referring to Question 118,who was operating in Stage 4 of Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Roger was operating in Stage 4, which is characterized by maintaining social order and following laws and rules.

Question 9

The main emphasis of the justice view of ethical behaviour is

Accepted Answer

The justice view of ethical behaviour emphasizes evaluating a decision based on impartiality and fairness, which involves ensuring that people's rights are protected and respected. This view prioritizes treating people equitably and not discriminating against any individual or group.

Question 10

According to Thomas Donaldson,the core values,or "hyper-norms" that should transcend cultural boundaries focus on

Accepted Answer

Thomas Donaldson argues that certain core values, or "hyper-norms," should transcend cultural boundaries, and these include human dignity, basic rights, and good citizenship. These hyper-norms serve as a universal ethical standard that can guide business practices across different cultures.

Question 11

Not taking sexual harassment allegations against top management as seriously as allegations against lower-level supervisors is an example of violating the principle of

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice refers to the fairness of the procedures used to make decisions and the extent to which individuals are included in decision-making processes. If sexual harassment allegations against top management are not being taken as seriously as allegations against lower-level supervisors, it suggests a lack of fair and just procedures in dealing with such cases, thus violating the principle of procedural justice.

Question 12

Creating a corporate culture that values employees,customers,and suppliers is a core value that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Creating a corporate culture that values employees,customers,and...

Question 13

An executive who assumes that ethical standards should apply absolutely across cultures and national boundaries is operating under which cultural perspective?

Accepted Answer

Ethical universalism assumes that ethical standards should apply universally across cultures and national boundaries, which means that certain ethical principles and values are applicable to all individuals regardless of their cultural background. This approach promotes a moral and ethical standard that transcends cultural differences and promotes consistency and fairness in ethical decision making.

Question 14

Roger,Isaac,Irene,and Betty were the last students to leave their class after a lecture.They noticed that the instructor had left behind a copy of the midterm exam on her desk."I'll take a quick look at and ease some of my fears about the midterm," thought Roger.However,Isaac wanted to look at the midterm to copy the answers.Irene and Betty exited without looking at the midterm because they believed it was wrong,even though they hadn't studied and there was a high probability that would fail the midterm.Who was operating in Stage 2 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Isaac is operating in Stage 2 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development because he is motivated by self-interest and is willing to cheat to get ahead.

Question 15

Which one of the following is not included in the four views of ethical behaviour that philosophers have discussed?

Accepted Answer

The four views of ethical behaviour that philosophers have discussed are utilitarian view, individualism view, moral rights view, and justice view. The functional view is not included in these four views.

Question 16

Critics charge that ___ is a form of ___,or the attempt to externally impose one's ethical standards on others.

Accepted Answer

Universalism is the belief that there are certain ethical standards that are applicable to all individuals and cultures. Ethical imperialism, on the other hand, is the attempt to impose one's ethical beliefs on others. Therefore, critics charge that universalism is a form of ethical imperialism, as it involves the external imposition of one's ethical standards on others. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is the belief that moral standards are culturally defined and therefore vary from one society to another. Therefore, it is not seen as a form of ethical imperialism.

Question 17

If a woman and a man have equivalent qualifications and experience and are given the same consideration for promotion,___ is being applied.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a woman and a man have...

Question 18

A manager who operates in a foreign country with the premise that ethical behaviour is always determined by its cultural context is adopting a perspective of

Accepted Answer

The manager is adopting the perspective of cultural relativism, which recognizes that ethical behavior is determined by cultural context and that there is no universal standard of ethics. This perspective acknowledges and respects different cultural values and practices without imposing one's own standards on others.

Question 19

In contemporary organizations,the ___ concerns the protection of employees with respect to their rights to privacy,due process,free speech,free consent,health and safety,and freedom of conscience.

Accepted Answer

The moral-rights view is concerned with protecting employees' moral rights, which includes aspects such as privacy, due process, free speech, free consent, health and safety, and freedom of conscience. It emphasizes the importance of respecting basic human rights and is often used as a framework for ethical decision-making in organizations.

Question 20

Referring to Question 118,Irene and Betty were operating at what level of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Irene and Betty were operating at Stage 6, postconventional level because they were considering the rights of others and the greater good.

Quiz 4: Ethics, Social Responsibility and Sustainability