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The History of English: An Introduction 2nd Edition by Stephan Gramley
النسخة 2الرقم المعياري الدولي: 978-1138501096The History of English: An Introduction 2nd Edition by Stephan Gramley
النسخة 2الرقم المعياري الدولي: 978-1138501096 تمرين 9
Taking a deeper look at the relationship between IE and Proto-Germanic is a rewarding project. This will lead you into the on-going debate over external vs. internal forces in language change. More recently
(as seen also in this book) the emphasis has shifted toward the external influences of language contact. This does not, however, diminish the importance of internal forces such as the attempt to formulate (more or less) universal principles in language change.
You might look at Schrijver (2012: V. Beginnings) for intriguing, detective-like work leading to his conclusions about how Proto-Germanic in the contact space between pre-Germanic speakers and Finnic emerged. For the other side of the coin see Labov (1991), which emphasizes the internal dynamics of sound shifts. Note: Labov discusses present-day English, but invokes universal principles.
(as seen also in this book) the emphasis has shifted toward the external influences of language contact. This does not, however, diminish the importance of internal forces such as the attempt to formulate (more or less) universal principles in language change.
You might look at Schrijver (2012: V. Beginnings) for intriguing, detective-like work leading to his conclusions about how Proto-Germanic in the contact space between pre-Germanic speakers and Finnic emerged. For the other side of the coin see Labov (1991), which emphasizes the internal dynamics of sound shifts. Note: Labov discusses present-day English, but invokes universal principles.
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The History of English: An Introduction 2nd Edition by Stephan Gramley
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