The Color of Justice 5th Edition by Samuel Walker,Cassia Spohn,Miriam DeLone

تمرين 8

Although studies reveal that African American, Hispanic, and Native American youth are treated more harshly than white youth at several stages of the juvenile justice process (even after the seriousness of the offense and the offender's prior juvenile record are taken into consideration), they do not tell us why these disparities occur. How would you explain these differences? How do Bridges and Steen account for them?